7 Semey Joe Johnson/Spain and Salvadore Martinez Puertas/Spain- HRC Communication 1102/2002 and 1183/03. 8 Daljit Singh/ Canada- HRC Communication 1315/2004 9 Communication 39/90, Annette Pagnoulle (on behalf of Abdoulaye Mazou)/Cameroon, Eight Activity Report 1994-1995, Annex VI ; Tenth Activity Report 1996-1997, Annex X. 10 See Article 28 × Unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, its provisions do not bind a party in relation to any act or fact which took place or any situation which ceased to exist before the date of the entry into force of the treaty with respect to that party. of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 11 See the Human Rights Committee's views in Communication 117/81, M.A. v. Italy, Doc. A/39/40,p. 190, and the European Court in DeBecker v. Belgium, Series A, No.4, Judgment of 27 March 1962, European Human Rights Reports 1 (1962) 43. A 'Continuous violation' is an action that started before the entry into force of the treaty, but where it or its effects continue after the entry into force of the treaty and, at that stage, therefore, may constitute an infringement of the treaty. 12 Article 65 of The African Charter. 13 Communication 142/94, Muthuthirin Njoka/ Kenya, Eighth Activity Report 1994-1995, Annex VI. 14 Ibid. 15 Ibid, para. 15 16 Supra - Statement of Facts. 17 Communication 162/97, Eleventh Activity Report 1997-1998, Annex II. 18 Kahn, Walter & Jorg Kunzli, The Law of International Human Rights Protection, (2009) p. 345). 19 Communication 941/2000 of the Human Rights Committee 20 Communication 1361/2005 of the Human Rights Committee 21 Communication 293/04 - ZLHR & IHRDA v Zimbabwe (2006) ACHPR para 91 ; see also the Commission's decision in Communication 211/98 - Legal Resources Foundation v Zambia (2000) ACHPR para 63. 22 Communication 313/05 - Kenneth Good v. Botswana (2010) ACHPR. 23 Para 219 supra 24 Princeloo v Van der Linde 1997 (3) SA 1012 (CC) 25. 25 Communication 292/04 - IHRDA (on behalf of Esmaila Connateh and 13 Ors v Angola (2008) ACHPR para 46. 26 Brown v Board of Education of Topekal (sic!), 347 US 483 (1954). 27 Communication 97/93 - John K Modise v Botswana (2001) ACHPR. 28 Communication 147/95-149/96 - Sir Dawda Jawara v Gambia (2000) ACHPR. 29 Communication 102/93 - Constitutional Rights Project v Nigeria (1999) ACHPR 30 Communication 211/98 - Legal Resources Foundation v Zambia (2001) ACHPR. 31 General Comment No 25 ''the right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right to equal access to public services'' Human Rights Committee (1996) 32 Communication 284/03 - ZLHR & Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe v Zimbabwe (2009) ACHPR 33 Communication 292/03 (sic!) - IHRDA (on behalf of Esmaila Conateh and 13 others) v Angola (2008) ACHPR). 34 Communication 39/90 - Annette Pagnoule ( on behalf of A. Mazou) v Cameroon (1997) ACHPR. 35 ECW/CCJ/JUD/05/07: Etim Moses v Gambia (2007) ECW/CCJ para 27 × In the terms of {{15,Article 15} of the African Charter on Peoples' Rights, "Every individual shall have the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions, and shall receive equal pay for equal work." In labour law, the concept of equal work for equal salary implies that two or several persons who carry out the same job occupy the same position in an organisation must earn the same remuneration and have the same prospects for promotion, except where the employer justifies a difference in treatment by objective factors not related to any form of discrimination. We hold that the objective of the principle of equal work for equal salary is to prohibit every form of discrimination between individuals who find themselves under the same condition. ; see also General Comment No 18 ''the Right to Work'' Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2005). 15