African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.
Charter of the Organisation of African Unity
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charter of the United Nations
Charter of the Organisation of African Unity
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
135/94 - Kenya Human Rights Commission v Kenya
74/92 Commission Nationale des Droits de l'Homme et des libertés v Chad
25/89 Free Legal Assistance Group and Others v Zaire
83/92 Degli and Others v Togo
275/03 Article 19 v Eritrea
64.To determine the question of admissibility of this communication, the African Commission will have to answer, among others, the following questions -: •who is required under the African Charter to exhaust local remedies – the author of the communication or the victim of the alleged human rights violations?;•does the removal of a Chief Justice render domestic remedies unavailable and insufficient?;•does the fact that a State has failed to abide by its own laws render domestic remedies “hopeless, impractical and unreasonable?”;•does the communication reveal massive and serious violations of human and peoples’ rights?; and
•does the continuous incommunicado detention of the victims render domestic remedies unavailable, ineffective and inefficient?
Communication 268/03 - Ilesanmi c. Nigeria
147/95_149/96 Sir Dawda K. Jawara v Gambia (The)
31. The rationale of the local remedies rule both in the Charter and other international instruments is toensure that before proceedings are brought before an international body, the State concerned must havehad the opportunity to remedy the matter through its own local system. This prevents the Commission fromacting as a court of first instance rather than a body of last resort.1 Three major criteria could be deducedfrom the practice of the Commission in determining this rule, namely: the remedy must be available,effective and sufficient.
Communication 250/02 - Liesbeth Zegveld & Mussie Ephrem c. Erythrée
147/95_149/96 Sir Dawda K. Jawara v Gambia (The)
31. The rationale of the local remedies rule both in the Charter and other international instruments is toensure that before proceedings are brought before an international body, the State concerned must havehad the opportunity to remedy the matter through its own local system. This prevents the Commission fromacting as a court of first instance rather than a body of last resort.1 Three major criteria could be deducedfrom the practice of the Commission in determining this rule, namely: the remedy must be available,effective and sufficient.
275/03 Article 19 v Eritrea
46.The African Commission has held in previous communications that for local remedies to be exhausted, they must be available, effective and sufficient. In communication Nos 147/95 and 149/96, the African Commission held that a remedy is considered available if the Complainant can pursue it without impediment, it is deemed effective if it offers a prospect of success, and it is found sufficient if it is capable of redressing the complaint.
322/06 Tsatsu Tsikata v Ghana
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,
135/94 - Kenya Human Rights Commission v Kenya
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 61The Commission shall also take into consideration, as subsidiary measures to determine the principles of law, other general or special international conventions, laying down rules expressly recognized by member states of the Organization of African Unity, African practices consistent with international norms on human and people's rights, customs generally accepted as law, general principles of law recognized by African states as well as legal precedents and doctrine.
Rodrigo Rojas DeNegri et al v. Chile
Inter-American Court/Commission Documents 322/06 Tsatsu Tsikata v Ghana
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Communication 302/05 - Mr Mamboleo M. Itundamilamba c. République Démocratique du Congo
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.
Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.
Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights
A member of the Commission may 2. resign from his or her position at any time. He or she shall do so through a written notification addressed to the Chairperson of the Commission who shall transmit it to the Chairperson of the African Union Commission.
Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights
Rule 83 Records of Communications under Articles 47, 48, 49 and 55 of the CharterThe Commission shall receive or note 1. as the case may be, Communications or notifications under Articles 47, 48, 49 and 55 of the Charter.The Secretary shall maintain a 2. record of each Communication, with a reference number, the names of the parties, the date of registration or notification, and the date of decision or closure of each Communication
European Convention on Human Rights
ARTICLE 6Right to a fair trial1. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: 1011(a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;(b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;(c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;(e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.
Principles and Guidelines on the right to Fair Trail and Legal Assistance in Africa
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force;
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
(c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender. Article 8
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
rticle 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
rticle 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
rticle 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
rticle 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Article I All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Article 6 Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques
Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques
Article 26 All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
European Convention on Human Rights
ARTICLE 14Prohibition of discriminationThe enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
Communication No. 35/1978 Shirin Aumeeruddy-Cziffra and 19 Other Mauritian Women v. Mauritius
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques
b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of theState, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;
Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques
Article 141. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.
48/90-50/91-52/91-89/93 - Amnesty International, Comité Loosli Bachelard, Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, Association of Members of the Episcopal Conference of East Africa v Sudan
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
1.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.
Communication 222/98-229/99 - Law Office of Ghazi Suleiman c. Soudan
48/90-50/91-52/91-89/93 - Amnesty International, Comité Loosli Bachelard, Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, Association of Members of the Episcopal Conference of East Africa v Sudan
(9024/80) Colozza v. Italy
Communication 222/98-229/99 - Law Office of Ghazi Suleiman c. Soudan
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choic
Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques
Article 141. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children
(1936/63) Neumeister v. Austria
(2689/65) DELCOURT v. BELGIUM
(1936/63) Neumeister v. Austria
(2689/65) DELCOURT v. BELGIUM
(14448/88) DOMBO BEHEER B.V. v. THE NETHERLANDS
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice;
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force;
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
59/91 Embga Mekongo Louis v Cameroon
253/02 Antonie Bissangou v Congo
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (Charte de Banjul)
103/93 Alhassan Abubakar v Ghana
143/95-150/96 Constitutional Rights Project and Civil Liberties Organisation v Nigeria
39/90_8AR Annette Pagnoulle v Cameroon
59/91 Embga Mekongo Louis v Cameroon
253/02 Antonie Bissangou v Congo
Communication 313/05 - Kenneth Good c. Botswana
Rules of Procedure of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights
Rule 112 Follow-up on the recommendations of the CommissionAfter the consideration of the 1. Commission’s Activity Report by the Assembly, the Secretary shall notify the parties within thirty (30) days that they may disseminate the decision. In the event of a decision against a 2. State Party, the parties shall inform the Commission in writing, within one hundred and eighty (180) days of being informed of the decision in accordance with paragraph one, of all measures, if any, taken or being taken by the State Party to implement the decision of the Commission.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.
Communication 313/05 - Kenneth Good c. Botswana
Communication 272/03 - Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence & INTERIGHTS c. Cameroun