10. Before giving his evidence, the witness shall take the following oath: "I swear or declare that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth." 11. The Chief Registrar shall draw up minutes in which the evidence of each witness is reproduced. (i) The minutes shall be signed by the President and by the Chief Registrar. Before the minutes are thus signed, witnesses must be given an opportunity to check the content of the minutes and to sign them. The minutes shall constitute an official record. (ii) Proceedings may be recorded by any modern technological means. Article 44 1. Witnesses who have been duly summoned shall obey the summons and attend for examination. 2. If a witness who has been duly summoned fails to appear before the Court, the Court may impose upon him a pecuniary penalty not exceeding UA 1 0001 and may order that a further summons be served on the witness at his own expense. 3. The same penalty may be imposed upon a witness who, without good reason, refuses to give evidence or to take the oath or where appropriate to make a solemn affirmation equivalent thereto. 4. If the witness proffers a valid excuse to the Court, the pecuniary penalty imposed on him may be cancelled. The pecuniary penalty imposed may be reduced at the request of the witness where he establishes that it is disproportionate to his income. Article 45 1. The Court may order that an expert's report be obtained. The order appointing the expert shall define his task and set a time limit within which he is to make his report. 2. The expert shall receive a copy of the order, together with all the documents necessary for carrying out his task. He shall be under the supervision of the Judge - Rappoteur, who may be present during his investigation and who shall be kept informed of his progress in carrying out his task. 3. The Court may request the parties or one of them to lodge security for the costs of the expert's report. 4. At the request of the expert, the Court may order the examination of witnesses. Their examination shall be carried out in accordance with Article 43 of these Rules. 5. The expert may give his opinion only on points, which have been expressly referred to him.