previously observed, a Complainant that has made general claims and allegations needs to substantiate such claims and allegations with either documentary evidence or sworn affidavits or the corroborating testimony of others.26 In the absence of evidence to support the claim of unequal treatment, the Commission does not find a violation of Article 19 of the Charter. Alleged violation of Article 20 of the African Charter 120. Basing its argument on an acclaimed geographical, political, linguistic and cultural distinction from the rest of Angola, the Complainant claims that the Respondent State has violated the right of the people of Cabinda to social and economic development as guaranteed in Article 20 of the African Charter. The Complainant submits that the people of Cabinda are unable to exercise the right because organisations that "espouse a uniquely Cabindan point of view" are banned by the Government of Angola. 121. The Complainant alleges further that the enjoyment of the right to social and economic development is restricted because people who campaign for economic self-determination are routinely arrested. On these grounds, the Complainant alleges that the right of the people of Cabinda to social and economic development had been violated. 122. The Respondent State contends that it has not violated Article 20 of the African Charter in relation to the people of Cabinda because the right to self-determination had been collectively fulfilled by the entire people of Angola at independence in 1975. The Respondent State submits further the periodic democratic elections take place in Angola and as citizens of Angola, the people of Cabinda have participated fully at such elections, producing 5 out of 220 deputies elected to the Angolan Parliament. 123. It is the Respondent State's further contention that Cabinda also has its own political and administrative structures defined by Angolan law. On these grounds and in view of Article 87 of its Constitution which acknowledges that Angola is a multicultural and multilingual society where the different identities are to be appreciated and respected, the Respondent State contends that it has not violated Article 20 of the African Charter in relation to the people of Cabinda. 124. The Commission recalls that Article 20 of the Charter has a particular historical context in the sense that it is one of the provisions of the Charter that was aimed at addressing the situation of Africans who remained under colonial domination at the time the Charter was drafted. Article 20 of the Charter provides that : 1. All peoples shall have the right to existence. They shall have the unquestionable and inalienable right to self-determination. They shall freely determine their political status and shall pursue their economic and social development according to the policy they have freely chosen. 2. Colonised or oppressed people shall have the right to free themselves from the bonds of domination by resorting to any means recognised by the international community. 3. All peoples shall have the right to the assistance of the State Parties to the present Charter in their liberation struggle against foreign domination, be it political, economic or cultural. 125. The Commission notes the argument of the Complainant regarding the alleged violation of Article 20 of the Charter. In view of its opinion that the right to self-determination, the right of colonised and oppressed people to free themselves from domination and the right to assistance in liberation struggle are reserved for colonised peoples, the Commission does not agree with the Complainant that a distinct pre-colonial history by itself entitles the people of Cabinda to unilaterally claim those rights contained vis-?-vis the Respondent State. 126. As the Commission has noted in its earlier jurisprudence, in post-colonial Africa, the right to self determination can be enjoyed within the existing territories and with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of State Parties to the Charter.27 The Commission also believes that the right to pursue economic and social development is attainable within the framework of an existing state insofar as different groups and communities are represented in decision-making institutions of the given state. Accordingly, the Commission does not find any violation of Article 20 of the Charter. 13

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