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245/02 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe

Décision de la CADHP

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Table des matières

Summary of Facts1
Complaint2
Procedure2
Law3
Admissibility3
Specific Case of Talent Mabikka4
State Party's Response6
African Commission's Decision on Admissibility7
Merits8
Complainant's Submissions on the Merits8
Allegation of Violation of Article 1 of the African Charter8
Allegation of Violation of Article 2 of the African Charter - Non-discrimination9
Allegation of Violation of Article 3(2) of the African Charte9
Allegation of Violation of Article 4 of the African Charter10
Allegation of Violation of Article 5 of the African Charter10
Allegation of Violation of Article 6 of the African Charter11
Allegation of Violation of Articles 9, 10 and 11 of the African Charter11
Allegation of Violation of Article 13(1) of the African Charter12
State Party's Submission on the Merits12
Issues for Determination and Decision of the African Commission on the Merits16
What are non-state Actors Under International law?16
Are the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front - ZANU (PF) and the Zimbabwe Liberation War Veterans Association (War Veterans) non-state Actors17
Extent of a State's Responsibility for Acts of non-state Actors18
Allegation of Violation of Specific Provisions of the African Charter21
The Clemency Order and the Respondent's State's Human Rights Obligations Under the African Charter24
Holding29

245/02 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe

Décision de la CADHP

Aperçu

Type de Document

Décision

Mots clés

Abus/exploitation d'enfants
Allégations de vol à main armée
Brutalités et infractions policières
Développement économique, social et culturel
Diligence raisonnable
Droit à l'information
Droit à la dignité
Droit à la propriété
Droit à la vie
Droits civils et politiques
Égalité devant la loi
Élections / Référendums
Enlèvement/Séquestration
Exécutions extrajudiciaires
Fraude
Infractions sexuelles
Justice transitionnelle
Liberté d'association
Liberté d'expression / Droits numériques
Liberté d'opinion
Liberté de circulation
Liberté de réunion
Lutte contre la discrimination
Meurtre/assassinat
Modification de la Constitution
Opérations des milices / Conflits armés
Paix et sécurité
Participation au gouvernement
Torture et mauvais traitement
Traitement cruel et dégradant
VBG
Viol
Violations massives des droits de l'homme
Violations résultant de la guerre et des opérations militaires
Vol

Case Head Notes: The Complainant is alleges that following the Constitutional Referendum there was political violence,which escalated with farm invasions, by war veterans and other landless peasants. That during the period between February and June 2000 when Zimbabwe held its fifth parliamentary elections, ZANU (PF)supporters engaged in a systematic campaign of intimidation aimed at crushing support for opposition parties. It is alleged that violence was deployed by the party as a systematic political strategy in the run up to the Parliamentary elections.

Pays

Zimbabwe

Résultats: Décidé sur le fond

Année de la Décision: 15 mai 2006

Violations alléguées (dispositions de la CADHP)

CADHP 1: Obligations générales
CADHP 10 : Droit à la liberté d'association
CADHP 11: Droit à la liberté de réunion
CADHP 13: Droit de participer au gouvernement
CADHP 2 : Liberté de ne pas subir de discrimination
CADHP 3 : Droit à l'égalité devant la loi et à l'égale protection de la loi
CADHP 4 : Droit à la vie et à l'intégrité
CADHP 5 : Traitements cruels, inhumains et dégradants
CADHP 6 : Droit à la liberté de la personne et à la protection contre l'arrestation arbitraire
CADHP 9 : Droit à l'information et à la liberté d'expression

Droits violés (dispositions de la CADHP)

CADHP 7.1 : Droit d'être entendu
CADHP 1: Obligations générales

Droits non violés (dispositions de la CADHP)

CADHP 10 : Droit à la liberté d'association
CADHP 11: Droit à la liberté de réunion
CADHP 13: Droit de participer au gouvernement
CADHP 2 : Liberté de ne pas subir de discrimination
CADHP 3 : Droit à l'égalité devant la loi et à l'égale protection de la loi
CADHP 4 : Droit à la vie et à l'intégrité
CADHP 5 : Traitements cruels, inhumains et dégradants
CADHP 6 : Droit à la liberté de la personne et à la protection contre l'arrestation arbitraire
CADHP 9 : Droit à l'information et à la liberté d'expression

Durée de la procédure

3 janv. 2002 ~ 15 mai 2006

Géolocalisation du Pays

Latitude: -19.015438

Longitude: 29.154857

Géolocalisation du Pays (Lié Décision de la CADHP): Zimbabwe

Documents principaux

245-02 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe.pdf
English
Télécharger Vue
245-02 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe.pdf
Portuguese
TOC ML
Télécharger Vue

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right. Article 5Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited. Article 6Every individual shall have the right to liberty and to the security of his person. No one may be deprived of his freedom except for reasons and conditions previously laid down by law. In particular, no one may be arbitrarily arrested or detained.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 131.Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly or through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law. 2.Every citizen shall have the right of equal access to the public service of his country. 3. Every individual shall have the right of access to public property and services in strict equality of all persons before the law.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 91.Every individual shall have the right to receive information. 2.Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law. Article 101.Every individual shall have the right to free association provided that he abides by the law. 2.Subject to the obligation of solidarity provided for in 29 no one may be compelled to join an association. Article 11Every individual shall have the right to assemble freely with others. The exercise of this right shall be subject only to necessary restrictions provided for by law in particular thoseenacted in the interest of national security, the safety, health, ethics and rights and freedoms of others

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 1The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognize the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Chapter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them.Article 2Every individual shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed in the present Charter without distinction of any kind such as race, ethnic group, color, sex, language, religion, political or any other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or other status. 3Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the la

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 551.Before each Session, the Secretary of the Commission shall make a list of the communications other than those of States parties to the present Charter and transmit them to the members of the Commission, who shall indicate which communications should be considered by the Commission. 2.A communication shall be considered by the Commission if a simple majority of its members so decide.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged, 6.Are submitted within a reasonable period from the time local remedies are exhausted or from the date the Commission is seized of the matter, and 7.Do not deal with cases which have been settled by these States involved in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or the provisions of the present Charter.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

15Article 56Communications relating to human and peoples' rights referred to in 55 received by the Commission, shall be considered if they: 1.Indicate their authors even if the latter request anonymity, 2.Are compatible with the Charter of the Organization of African Unity or with the present Charter, 3.Are not written in disparaging or insulting language directed against the State concerned and its institutions or to the Organization of African Unity, 4.Are not based exclusively on news discriminated through the mass media, 5.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

.Are sent after exhausting local remedies, if any, unless it is obvious that this procedure is unduly prolonged,

Treaty

321/06 Law Society of Zimbabwe et al v Zimbabwe

Communication 245/2002

Décision de la CADHP

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 2Every individual shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognized and guaranteed in the present Charter without distinction of any kind such as race, ethnic group, color, sex, language, religion, political or any other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or other status.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 5Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 101.Every individual shall have the right to free association provided that he abides by the law. 2.Subject to the obligation of solidarity provided for in 29 no one may be compelled to join an association.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 91.Every individual shall have the right to receive information. 2.Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe(n 13 above), para 143

Décision du CAEDBE

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

Human rights standards do not contain merely limitations on State's authority or organs of State. They also impose positive obligations on States to prevent and sanction private violations of human rights. Indeed, human rights law imposes obligations on States to protect citizens or individuals under their jurisdiction from the harmful acts of others. Thus, an act by a private individual and therefore not directly imputable to a State can generate responsibility of the State, not because of theact itself, but because of the lack of due diligence to prevent the violation or for not taking the necessary steps to provide the victims with reparation.

Décision du CAEDBE

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v. Zimbabwe

Décision du CAEDBE

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

„an act by a private individual and therefore not directly imputable to a State can generate responsibility of the State, not because of the act itself, but because of the lack of due diligenceto prevent the violence or for not taking the necessary steps to provide the victims with reparation.‟

Décision du CAEDBE

272/03 Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence & Interights v Cameroon

22 communication 245/2002, Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum vs. Zimbabwe, parag. 143.

Décision de la CADHP

272/03 Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence & Interights v Cameroon

22 communication 245/2002, Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum vs. Zimbabwe, parag. 143.

Décision de la CADHP

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe(2006) AHRLR 128 (ACHPR) 2006 para 146

Décision du CAEDBE

002/2015 - IHRDA & Finders Group Initiative au nom de TFA (une mineure) c. Cameroun

States are obliged to show due diligence to ensure the full realization of human rights.

Décision du CAEDBE

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

cle 4Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right. Article 5Every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment shall be prohibited.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 31.Every individual shall be equal before the law. 2.Every individual shall be entitled to equal protection of the law.

Treaty

368/09 Abdel Hadi, Ali Radi & Others v Sudan

Communication 245/2002

Décision de la CADHP

140/94-141/94-145/95 Constitutional Rights Project, Civil Liberties Organisation and Media Rights Agenda v Nigeria

Décision de la CADHP

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

137/94-139/94-154/96-161/97 International PEN, Constitutional Rights Project, Civil Liberties Organisation and Interrights (on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jnr) v Nigeria

Décision de la CADHP

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

rticle 91.Every individual shall have the right to receive information. 2.Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law. Article 101.Every individual shall have the right to free association provided that he abides by the law. 2.Subject to the obligation of solidarity provided for in 29 no one may be compelled to join an association. Article 11Every individual shall have the right to assemble freely with others. The exercise of this right shall be subject only to necessary restrictions provided for by law in particular thoseenacted in the interest of national security, the safety, health, ethics and rights and freedoms of others

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

rticle 131.Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly or through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law. 2.Every citizen shall have the right of equal access to the public service of his country. 3. Every individual shall have the right of access to public property and services in strict equality of all persons before the law.

Treaty

Pacte International relatif aux Droits Civils et Politiques

Article 7 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.

Document de l'ONU

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Article 71.Every individual shall have the right to have his cause heard. This comprises: (a) the right to an appeal to competent national organs against acts of violating his fundamental rights as recognized and guaranteed by conventions, laws, regulations and customs in force; (b) the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court or tribunal; (c) the right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of his choice; (d) the right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. 2.No one may be condemned for an act or omission which did not constitute a legally punishable offence at the time it was committed. No penalty may be inflicted for an offence for which no provision was made at the time it was committed. Punishment is personal and can be imposed only on the offender.

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Treaty

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- Décision de la CADHP16
- Décision du CAEDBE8
Treaties and softlaw only53
- Treaty52
- Document de l'ONU1
Cases Referenced2
- Décision de la CADHP2
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- Pays (Géolocalisation)1

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