prOVISIons of the Maputo Protocol, it notes that discrimination against women is explicitly defined to mean "any distinction, exclusion, or restriction based on sex that compromises or undermines their enjoyment of human rights." Also, not far away from this provision, in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in Article 1, the Commission finds that discrimination against women is defined to mean any differentiation based on sex that impairs women's enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. 139. Along with these definitions, the Commission rei Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme vs in the context of direct and indirect different treatment Article 2 of the African Charter discrimination. Direct discrimination against explicitly based on the grounds of se~:*:\~d discrimination against women occurs,:''YneIl, 'a law, . or practice -1, appears to be neutral as it relates to women and rnen bu . .: . .' effect in practice on women." The Commission re-states iliat irrespective of its mahifestation, whether direct or indirect, ' .is prohibited with ill tates assuming their obligation under the African in <other human ights instruments, internationally and regionally. '-r - ancL '~g ) 140. :\r~h;}i: .• betwe'en, men and women in marnage, . tne importance of upholding the equality of all individuals, as Article' the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol. Similar to the obligation~9f the States in,.ArHcle 1 of the African Charter, the Commission notes from the CEDA W Committee General Recommendation No. 2876 that . '+" Statef~Parties mus,trespect, protect, andful I women's rights to non-discrimination and the e '" ent of equ~4ty. " .( :':1' 141. In ap ,: ;~m~,~:dramewofk"~R,,;;4e~jpvith non-discrimination against women, the Commissiqn sti~§~~'sj~s positi'oi:iflrt>Shtnira Ibrahim Mahmoud and Rasha Ali Abdel-Rahman. -'. ·0;+··.· (RepresenteQ4by t '. JiJian)nitiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) & lnterights) vs. The Arab Republic olE . the following palpable obligations that States must observe, specifically at"least; - First, to ~nact laws prohibiting all forms of discrimination against women and eIls~;e that existing legislation is amended as necessary, and monitored through adequate~;€~ctioning of legal processes; Secondly, enforce existing legislation, including through' effective investigation, prosecution of perpetrators, reparation and support/rehabilitation services for victims; and Thirdl)'J to take specific measures to r /"' ,/" \t.~t":'·Nu _ See CEDAW Committee, General Recommendation 28, Para 16. / . ~(,\ C" r . r C;> ~ <' " 76UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General Recommendatio o. «.j, 28 on the Core Obligations of States Parties under Article 2 of the Convention on the Elimination {,f 4U Forms fg %,\ DiscrirninationagainstWomen,CEDAW/CjGC/28 : 4 I:'! =. 75 ,(>~~" f • .,'1!.?\ ,,_ < ,c • F\\J·I.\p.. .f - ~ . ,,._$.1 4.~ , "0~ I,'-lU,> <',)"~/. 4.-R1Cp..,~V S'C ,-"-.Ot·rlcE E1 0<2· • ....... ~~.~ ..'

Select target paragraph3