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person or profession not expressly identified, but which identity is
made possible through speech, outcries, threats, written or in print
form.
Any disparaging, contemptuous or insulting language not
leaning on any imputation is considered an insult."
Article 110: "Defamation committed by one of the names provided in
Article 2 above against the Court's Tribunals, Armed Forces, State
Officials shall be punished with a term of imprisonment of from 15
days to 3 months and a fine of from 10,000 - 500,000 Francs or
one of either penalties".
Article 111: The same shall apply where defamation is committed
using the same means, due to their functions or status, against
Members of Parliament or Government, one or more members of
the Supreme Judicial Council, a citizen in-charge of a service or
entrusted with a temporary or permanent official duty, a Judge, a
member of the Jury of Courts or Tribunals or a witness as a result
of his or her testimony.
Defamation committed against the same
persons in regard to their privacy shall be dealt with under Article
110 above".
122. Article 178 of the Penal Code provides that:
"Where one or more Legal Officers, juries or Assessors are the object of contempt
in the exercise of their duties or in the course of such performance whether such
contempt be in words or in print or drawings not made public and intended in all
these cases to tarnish their image and honour, the guilty party shall be punished
with a term of imprisonment from six months to one year and a fine of from
100 000 to 500 000 CFA francs or one of the penalties"
123. The Applicant claims that "the provisions under which he was arrested are not
sufficiently precise to qualify as 'law', and this could constitute sufficient reason to
limit freedom of expression" and therefore do not meet the criteria contained under
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