The court was not required to rely on the prosecutor’s decision to terminate the criminal investigation by Article 222
of the Code of Civil Procedure [see paragraph 61 above], which states that only the final judgment of a criminal
court is binding on the court which deals with the civil consequences of the act in question. The order of a
prosecutor closing an investigation has no evidential weight and his/her findings are not binding on the court dealing
with the civil consequences of the act. Where there is no verdict of a criminal court finding the accused not guilty of
causing the injuries of the claimant, the civil court must establish whether the defendant was guilty or not guilty on
the basis of all admissible evidence under the Code of Civil Procedure. Thus, in the present case, the order of the
prosecutor closing the investigation had no evidential weight that the defendant was not guilty for the car accident.”
D. Crimes allegedly committed by Mr Assenov 1994-1995
63. In connection with the alleged burglaries, Mr Assenov was charged with an offence the
elements of which are continuous criminal activity by a minor consisting of burglaries
committed with accomplices and involving breaking in to locked premises, where the amount
stolen is significant. The maximum punishment for this offence is three years’ imprisonment
(Criminal Code 1968 (“CC”), Article 195 §§ 1(3), 1(5) and 2 in conjunction with Articles 26 § 1
and 63 § 1(3)).
64. In connection with the alleged robberies, he was charged with an offence of continuous
criminal activity by a minor, committed with accomplices, consisting of robberies, defined as
stealing with the use of force or threats. The punishment is up to five years’ imprisonment
(CC, Article 198 § 1 in conjunction with Articles 26 § 1 and 63 § 1(2)).
65. Pursuant to Articles 23-25 of the CC, the maximum sentence which Mr Assenov could have
received if convicted of all the charges against him was six and a half years’ imprisonment.
E. The prosecuting authorities
66. According to the relevant provisions of the CCP and legal theory and practice, the
prosecutor performs a dual function in criminal proceedings.
During the preliminary stage he supervises the investigation. He is competent, inter alia, to give
mandatory instructions to the investigator; to participate in examinations, searches or any other
acts of investigation; to withdraw a case from one investigator and assign it to another, or to
carry out the entire investigation, or parts of it, himself. He may also decide whether or not to
terminate the proceedings, order additional investigations, or prepare an indictment and submit
the case to court.
At the judicial stage he is entrusted with the task of prosecuting the accused.
67. The investigator has a certain independence from the prosecutor in respect of his working
methods and particular acts of investigation, but performs his functions under the latter’s
instructions and the supervision (Articles 48(2) and 201 CCP). If an investigator objects to the
prosecutor’s instructions, he may apply to the higher prosecutor, whose decision is final and
mandatory.