51. It is evident that jurisdiction refers to the boundary of authority. It is critical concept which, any court of law has to deal with carefully and in accordance with the established legal principles in order to ensure that the court’s findings or decision will have legal and binding effect on the parties. 52. The jurisdiction of the East African Court of Justice can be traced from the following provisions of the Treaty – namely, Articles 23 (role of the Court), 27(jurisdiction of the Court), 28 (Reference by Partner States), 29(Reference by Secretary General), 30 (Reference by Legal and Natural persons), 31 (Disputes between the Community and its employees), 32 (Arbitration clauses and Special Agreements), 34 (Preliminary Ruling of National Courts), 35A (Appeals from the First Instance Division), 36 (Advisory opinion), 39 (Interim orders), 42 (Rules of the Court) and 45(2) ( employment of staff). These are discussed in detail in the case of Independent Medical Legal Unit vs. Attorney General of the Republic of Kenya EACJ Appeal No.1 of 2011). 53. The primary provision, on which the jurisdiction of the East African Court of Justice is founded, is Article 23 of the Treaty. it provides, in relevant part, that: “1. The Court shall be a judicial body which shall ensure the adherence to law in the interpretation and application of and compliance with this Treaty” (Underlining provided) 54. The above Article should be read together with Article 27 of the Treaty, which provides that:“1. The Court shall initially have jurisdiction over the interpretation and application of this Treaty:17