Political Rights enshrine the right to a fair trial, especially in proceedings before criminal or civil courts. 159. That is, they enshrine the right to be heard by a competent, independent and impartial court or tribunal, as mentioned above. 160. Ultimately, the articles of the UDHR and the ICCPR invoked by the Applicant concern the right to a fair trial before criminal or civil courts and are not applicable to the procedure of a waiver of parliamentary immunity in the National Assembly, which in this case is the competent authority to waive the Applicant's immunity and authorize the criminal proceedings against him. 161. In this regard, it should be specified that the procedure at issue before the Togolese National Assembly is not a procedure before a court of law and that, moreover, its purpose is in no way related to the determination of the Applicant's guilt. Rather, it concerns the waiver of his immunity precisely to allow the exercise of criminal prosecution against him. 162. Ultimately, the Articles of the UDHR and ICCPR invoked by the Applicant concern the right to a fair trial before criminal or civil courts, which is not the case with the National Assembly which is the competent authority to waive the Applicant’s immunity and authorize criminal proceedings against him. 163. And, as this Court ruled in the case SALIFOU SAWADOGO v. STATE OF BURKINA FASO, Judgment No. ECW/CCJ/JUD/26/19 of September 26, 2019: “Inviolability (or procedural immunity in the strict sense) translates into not subjecting Members of Parliament to arrest, detention, mere hearing (as deponent or as defendant) or trial for any other acts, except in cases specified in the Constitution or the Law and with the formalities provided for 39