0,00t36 The Court composed of: Sylvain ORE, President; Ben KIOKO, Vice-President; RafaA BEN ACHOUR, Angelo V. MATUSSE, Suzanne MENGUE, Tujilane R. CHIZUMILA, Chafika BENSAOULA, Blaise TCHIKAYA, Stella l. ANUKAM, lmani D. ABOUD - Judges; and Robert ENO, Registrar. ln accordance with Article 22 ol lhe Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (hereinafter referred to as "the Protocol") and Rule 8(2) of the Rules of Court (hereinafter referred to as "the Rules"), Justice M-Th6rdse MUKAMULISA, member of the Court and a national of Rwanda, did not hear the Application. The Mafter of Kennedy GIHANA and OTHERS represented by Professor Michelo HANSUNGULE, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa versus REPUBLIC OF RWANDA represented by i. ii. Mr. Malaala AIMABLE- Civil Litigation Division Manager, Ministry of Justice Mr. Rubango Kayihura EPIMAQUE- Senior State Attorney after deliberation, renders the following Judgment, L a