P.CHPII : f.) 6~!jsEf1 " Human and Peoples' Rights Human Rights our Collective Responsibility 110. In General Comment 6 on the Right to Life in Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,30UN Human Rights Committee clarified that the right to life under the Covenant impose an obligation on States Parties not only to refrain from the intentional and unlawful deprivation of life but also to protect human life against unwarranted or arbitrary actions by public authorities and private persons.t! 111. The Commission, in Sudan Human Rights Organisation and Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) v Sudans? noted that it is the duty of the State to protect human life from arbitrary and unwarranted actions by both public authorities and private persons. This duty must be broadly interpreted to include prohibitions of arbitrary killings by state security services and to strictly regulate the circumstances in which a person may be deprived of life by state authorities. It also includes the necessity to secure the right to life by making effective provisions in crirninallaw to deter the commission of offences against the person, to conduct effective official investigations when individuals have been killed as a result of the use of force by State agents, and to establish law enforcement machinery for the prevention, suppression, investigation and penalisation of breaches of criminal law. The Commission further noted that the State is duty bound to take preventive operational measures to protect an individual whose life is at risk from the criminal acts of another individual. 112. In Article 19 v Eritrea (Article 19 case),33the Commission noted that arbitrariness should not be equated with an act being" against the lato" but must be interpreted more broadly to include elements of inappropriateness, injustice, lack of predictability and due process. 113. In the instant case, the facts of multiple killings of civilians in South Kordofan and Blue Nile by Security forces of the Respondent State are well established. Besides the latest pieces of documentary evidence in support of the allegations by the Complainants, there is well documented evidence showing not only the indiscriminate aerial bombardment and shelling of civilians by the security forces https'/achpr.au.lnVO () D