Human Rights our Collective Responsibility Communication 402/11 & 420/12: Civilians in South Kordofan and (represented Sudan Democracy Sudanese Blue Nile First Group, REDRESS, Human Rights Watch, INTERIGHTS and Enough Project) v Sudan Summary of the Complaint: 1. This Complaint was received separately at the Secretariat of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (" the Secretariat") on 21 July 2011 and 23 April 2012, respectively. It was subsequently consolidated during the 12thExtraOrdinary Session of the Commission held in Algiers, Algeria, from 30 July to 4 August 2012. 2. The Complaint was submitted by Sudan Democracy First Group, REDRESS, Human Rights Watch, INTERIGHTS and Enough Project (the Complainants), on behalf of Sudanese Civilians in South Kordo£an and Blue Nile (the Victims) against the Republic of Sudan (the Respondent State). 3. The Respondent State is a State Party to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981 (African Charter), having ratified the same on 18 February 1986. 4. The Complainants claimed that starting on 5 June 2011, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and militia groups, under the control of the Government of the Republic of Sudan, launched a series of assaults against civilians. in South Kordofan. On 1 September 2011, a similar pattern of attacks began against civilians in Blue Nile State. 5. The Complainants stated that more than 31 attacks have been documented since the assaults began. Among them are the 26 June 2011 bombing of the market in Kurchi, South Kordofan, which killed 13 civilians and injured more than 20 others, most of whom were women and children. 6. All Orgar, ollhe rt:~ Afri~an Union \",·~i