't··:~ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Human Rights our Collective Hesponsibifitv government forces in South Kordofan, the killing and injuring of civilians, and the deliberate destruction of grain and water sources, schools, farms, health clinics and other civilian property.? 37. The Complainants also submitted that significant number of women and girls were reportedly raped by SAF forces while fleeing their homes in South Kordofan's Nuba Mountains and "Sudanese government soldiers" reportedly arrested and detained hundreds of men, women and children, which resulted in the disappearance of some of those detained.' In Blue Nile State, the SAF also allegedly carried out a bombing campaign starting in September 2011 which continued through 2012, displacing tens of thousands. Government security, police, and military forces were allegedly responsible for the-extra-judicial killings, injury, arbitrary arrest, torture and ill-treatment of civilians in Damazin and other locations.s 38. The Complainants averred that the UN has estimated. that there is a total of 665,000 internally displaced persons or severely affected people in South Kordofan (520,000 civilians) and Blue Nile (145,000 civilians). By .the end of July 2012, the UN Refugee Agency - the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that the total number of persons from South Kordofan and Blue Nile who had fled to neighbouring countries to escape persecution had reached 204,000.5 39. The Complainants argue that there is no judicial system or mechanism in place in Sudan that can cope with the large number of victims in the present case. It would be impracticable to expect victims to exhaust any remedies in Sudan as they are "unavailable in fact". 40. The Complainants further argued that the Respondent State had ample notice of the human rights violations committed in South Kordofan. In particular, this include the Commission's request for Provisional Measures on 7 November 2011 Human Rights Watch, 'Sudan: Crisis conditions in Southern Kordofan', 4 May 2012, at http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/04/sudan-crisis-conditions-southern-kordofan; Amnesty International, 'We can run away from bombs, but not from hunger- Sudan's refugees in South Sudan', June 2012, pp. 10-14. at http:// www.amnestyusa.org!sites! default! files!3919 s sudan report final 2.pdf. 3 Human Rights Watch, 'Sudan: Crisis Conditions in Southern Kordofan', 4 May 2012, at http:// www.hrw.org/ news/20l2/ 05/04/ sudan-crisis-conditions-southern-kordofan. 4 Human Rights Watch, 'Sudan: Blue Nile Civilians Describe Attacks, Abuses', 23 April 2012, at http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/04/23/sudan-blue-nile-civilians-describe-attacks-abuses. 5 OCHA, 'Sudan Weekly Humanitarian Bulletin, 23-29July 2012' at ..-o!!=::::::::~ http:// reliefweb.in t/ sites/ reliefweb.int/ files/ resources/OCHA %20Sudan%20Weekl . . :-..0 ~c.1't 4r,o nan%20BuUetm%2023%20-%2029%20July%202012.pdf. ~«> '" 2 m~~r~.vo 8 ff o o