29. The Applicant on his part avers that the Respondent State distorts the facts of the matter by reducing them to a debt transaction between two private entities. *** 30. The Court notes that, under Article 3(1) of the Protocol, it has jurisdiction to hear all cases brought before it, provided that they concern an alleged violation of the rights protected by the Charter, the Protocol or any other human rights instrument ratified by the State concerned.4 31. The Court further notes that the Respondent State’s main contention is that the Applicant has failed to substantiate his allegations of human rights violation. In the Court’s view, whether or not the alleged violations have been substantiated cannot be determined at the stage of ascertaining the Court’s jurisdiction. 32. The Court observes that in the present case, the Applicant alleges violation of the rights protected by Articles 2, 3, 7, 13(2), 16(1) and 26 of the Charter and Article 14(1) of the ICCPR, human rights instruments to which the respondent State is a party.5 33. Accordingly, the Court dismisses the objection based on material jurisdiction. 34. The Court therefore holds that it has material jurisdiction to hear the present Application. 4 Boukary Waliss v. Republic of Benin, AfCHPR, Application No. 021/2018, Judgment of 3 September 2024 (merits and reparations), § 20; Frank David Omary and Others v. United Republic of Tanzania (admissibility) (28 March 2014), 1 AfCLR 358, § 80; Safinaz Ben Ali and Lamia Jendoubi v. Republic of Tunisia, AfCHPR, Application No. 09/2023, Judgment of 3 September 2024 (jurisdiction and admissibility), §§ 25-27. 5 Alex Thomas v. United Republic of Tanzania (merits) (20 November 2015) 1 AfCLR 465, § 45; Kennedy Owino Onyachi and Another v. United Republic of Tanzania (merits) (28 September 2017) 2 AfCLR 65, § 34-36; Jibu Amir Alias Mussa and Another v. United Republic of Tanzania (merits and reparations) (28 November 2019), 3 AfCLR 629, § 18; Masoud Rajabu v. United Republic of Tanzania, (merits and reparations) (25 June 2021) 5 AfCLR 282, § 21. 9

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