GIULIANI AND GAGGIO v. ITALY JUDGMENT 3 There appeared before the Court: (a) for the Government Mr N. LETTIERI, Ms P. ACCARDO, Mr G. ALBENZIO, (b) for the applicants Mr N. PAOLETTI, Ms G. PAOLETTI, Ms N. PAOLETTI, Ms C. SARTORI, Co-Agent, Co-Agent, Avvocato dello Stato; Counsel, Assistant. The Court heard addresses by them. THE FACTS I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 11. The applicants were born in 1938, 1944 and 1972 respectively and live in Genoa and Milan. They are the father, mother and sister of Carlo Giuliani, who was shot and killed during the demonstrations on the fringes of the G8 summit in Genoa in July 2001. A. The background to the G8 summit in Genoa and the events preceding the death of Carlo Giuliani 12. On 19, 20 and 21 July 2001 the G8 summit was held in Genoa. Numerous “anti-globalisation” demonstrations were staged in the city and substantial security measures were put in place by the Italian authorities. Under section 4(1) of Law no. 149 of 8 June 2000, the prefect of Genoa was authorised to deploy military personnel to ensure public safety in connection with the summit. In addition, the part of the city where the G8 were meeting (the historic centre) was designated as a “red zone” and cordoned off by means of a metal fence. As a result, only residents and persons working in the area were allowed access. Access to the port was prohibited and the airport was closed to traffic. The red zone was contained within a yellow zone, which in turn was surrounded by a white (normal) zone. 13. The service instructions of 19 July 2001 were issued by the officer in command of the law-enforcement agencies the day before Carlo Giuliani's