Costed Action Plan for SADC Industrialization Strategy and Roadmap (3) Strengthening planning and implementation skills, notably through: (i) Adequate supply of skilled human resources. (ii) High technical standards for project and programme preparation and implementation. (4) Putting in place competent institutions: (i) Capacitating the SADC Secretariat – to collect, disseminate and use data and information on industrialization issues; (ii) Regularly upscale coordination between the constituents of the SADC industrialization governance. 6. Financing assumptions (a) Costing and financing estimates for the Action Plan are unavoidably fragile given the uncertainties and unknowns inherent in such an exercise, especially under current conditions of heightened uncertainty in the world economy. The costing approach followed however, observes regional and international standards. It further makes a distinction between activity/programme based expenditure and capital costs. (b) The Action Plan distinguishes between regional and national responsibilities and also between those to be undertaken by public agencies, including state-owned enterprises, and the private sector. (c) For the region as a whole, two-thirds of fixed investment is undertaken by the private sector and one-third by the state. The bulk of investment is in physical infrastructure and social overhead capital (education, training, health, and housing), while approximately one fifth of all investment – public and private – is funded from FDI, primarily in productive projects. (d) Resource needs projections for the period 2015-2030 assume: (i) That the SADC region will continue to target a per capita growth rate of 6 percent annually. (ii) That resource use efficiency will gravitate towards median ICOR values (5.4). (iii) That savings rates, population growth, and the FDI and ODA as ratios of GDP will remain at their historical averages. The projections reveal that investment must rise substantially to 41.3 percent of GDP or to double recent levels in response to the targeted high growth rate and the assumed improved capital efficiency. Assuming savings rates, and FDI and ODA net flows are maintained at their historical levels, the overall financing gap is accordingly projected to rise to 19.2 percent of GDP by 2030 compared with 11.3 percent in 2014. 73