only the human rights enshrined in international agreements, but also the case law
of the Inter-American Court. Thus, in some cases the “block of conventionality” is
subsumed in the "block of constitutionality", so that by carrying out “constitutional
control” one is also carrying out“conventionality control.”
27.
The Inter-American Court in paragraphs 226 to 232 of the Judgment to
which this concurring opinion refers, has specifically attempted to demonstrate the
way in which the courts of “the highest hierarchical level” have applied and
accepted “conventionality control” based on Inter-American jurisprudence. It is a
clear manifestation of the interesting process of “national acceptance of
international human rights law” and undoubtedly “constitutes one of the
outstanding positive features to date, which should be recognized, upheld and
promoted.” 44
28.
In this regard, the Judgment that inspires this concurring opinion contains
excerpts from several rulings of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court
of Costa Rica; the Constitutional Court of Bolivia; the Supreme Court of Justice of
the Dominican Republic; the Constitutional Court of Peru; the Supreme Court of
Justice of Argentina; and the Constitutional Court of Colombia. These are some
examples that illustrate the dynamic national acceptance of international human
rights law and conventional jurisprudence.
29.
A closer examination of the aforementioned rulings shows that some criteria
were adopted prior to the Praetorian establishment of “conventionality control” in
the Case of Almonacid Arellano v. Chile of 2006, as occurred with the precedents of
Argentina (2004) Costa Rica (1995), Colombia (2000), Dominican Republic (2003)
and Peru (2006). Clearly, the Inter-American Court created the doctrine of “diffuse
conventionality control” noting the trend toward the “constitutionalization” or
“nationalization” 45 of “international human rights law” and particularly the
acceptance of conventional jurisprudence as a "hermeneutic" element and for the
“control” of domestic regulations by the domestic courts themselves. In other
words, the Inter-American Court received the influx of jurisprudential practice by
the national judges in order to create the new doctrine of “diffuse conventionality
control.”
30.
In turn, we find that several high national courts incorporated the
parameters of “diffuse conventionality control” by recognizing the jurisprudence of
the Inter-American Court following the creation of that doctrine in 2006. It is
important to mention the landmark ruling of Argentine’s Supreme Court in 2007
(Case "Mazzeo"), 46 which establishes the obligation of the local Judiciary to
44
Para. 9 of the Concurring Opinion issued by Judge Sergio García Ramírez in the Judgment in
the Case of the Dismissed Congressional Employees (Aguado Alfaro et al.) v. Peru, supra note 15.
45
Cf. García-Sayán, Diego, “Una Viva Interacción: Corte Interamericana y Tribunales Internos”,
op. cit., supra note 6.
46
Case of “Mazzeo, Lulio Lilo et al. s/Recurso de Casación and Inconstitucionalidad, of July 13,
2007. On this important general ruling concerning the evolving nature of acceptance of international law
by the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina, See Bazán, Víctor, “El derecho internacional en la
jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, con particular énfasis en materia de derechos humanos”,
[International law in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice, and with particular emphasis in
matters of human rights] in La Ley, Suplemento Extraordinario (75 Aniversario), Buenos Aires, August
2010, pp. 1-17, particularly in the Case of “Mazzeo” See pp. 10, 11 and 16; also, Hitters, Juan Carlos,
“Control de constitucionalidad y control de convencionalidad. Comparación. (Criterios fijados por la
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos)” [Constituitonality Control and Conventionality Control. A
Comparison. (Criteria established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights)] in Estudios
Constitucionales, Santiago, Centro de Estudios Constitucionales de Chile/Universidad de Talca, Año 7, N°
2, 2009, pp. 109-128; and Loiano, Adelina, “El marco conceptual del control de convencionalidad en
algunos fallos de la Corte Suprema Argentina: “Arancibia Clavel”, “Simón”, “Mazzeo”, [Conceptual
framework for conventionality control in some rulings of the Argentine Supreme Court: ‘Arancibia
11
Sélectionner le paragraphe cible3
Se connecter à un paragraphe
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Ajouter à la table des matières