accordance with the following principles: a. b. c. d. The ownership, management and programming of community broadcasters shall be representative of the community. Licensing processes shall be simple, expeditious and cost effective, and guarantee community participation. Licensing requirements shall fulfil the objectives of community broadcasting and shall not be prohibitive. States shall allocate a fixed percentage of available radio frequency spectrum to community broadcasters to encourage diversity. Principle 16. Self-regulation and co-regulation 1. States shall encourage media self-regulation which shall be impartial, expeditious, cost-effective, and promote high standards in the media. 2. Codes of ethics and conduct shall be developed by the media through transparent and participatory processes and shall be effectively implemented to ensure the observance of the highest standards of professionalism by the media. 3. Co-regulation may also be encouraged by States as a complement to self-regulation, founded on informed collaboration between stakeholders including the public regulatory authority, media and civil society. Principle 17. Regulatory bodies for telecommunications and the internet broadcast, 1. A public regulatory authority that exercises powers in the areas of broadcast, telecommunications or internet infrastructure shall be independent and adequately protected against interference of a political, commercial or other nature. 2. The appointment process for members of a public regulatory body overseeing broadcast, telecommunications or internet infrastructure shall be independent and adequately protected against interference. The process shall be open, transparent and involve the participation of relevant stakeholders. 3. Any public regulatory authority that exercises powers in broadcast, telecommunications or internet infrastructure shall be accountable to the public. 4. A multi-stakeholder model of regulation shall be encouraged to 15