A/HRC/22/45 462. The source further reported that three patterns of enforced disappearances are observed in southern Thailand: i.e. individuals are taken from the street; they are arrested from home, work or mosque; or disappear as a consequence of their voluntary reporting to security forces. 463. The source further reported that the violent implementation of the so-called 2003 War on Narcotic Drugs Policy, which sets a quota for arrests and seizure of narcotic drugs to each province and financial rewards for drugs seized, also contributed to the increased cases of enforced disappearances. The source pointed out that although the laws in Thailand do not condone its security forces to arbitrarily detain or forcefully disappear suspected drug traffickers or users, such drug policy allegedly contribute to the creation of an environment where enforced disappearances happen. The source alleged that under the policy, a number of ‗Ranger camps‘ were established where locally recruited security personnel, who assist and report to the military, detained suspected drug traffickers or users without warrants. It is reported that especially ethnic minorities are most heavily affected by the policy due to the stereotyped beliefs that members of ethnic minorities are often involved in illegal activities. 464. The source reported that the large majority of the victims of enforced disappearances belonged to minority groups, such as Malayu or Hill tribes. The source also alleged that the human rights, anti-corruption and environmental activists as well as witness of human rights violations were also vulnerable to enforced disappearances. 465. It was further reported that there is no definition of enforced disappearance in the domestic legislation. The source also informed on the lack of independence and the weakness of the Thai judiciary. As a result, according to the source, no case of enforced disappearance has led to the prosecution or conviction of the perpetrator. 466. In addition, the source reported that with the exception of a recommendation on 12 February 2012 made by the Committee for Compensation of People Affected by Unrest in the Southern Border Provinces established by the Prime Minister in 2010, to pay reparations to victims of a number of cases of enforced disappearances that occurred from January 2004 to 30 September 2011, reparations for enforced disappearances have been extremely limited in Thailand. For instance, it is reported that in a small number of cases in southern Thailand, 100,000 Baht were paid to the relatives by the Government following a recommendation of the National Reconciliation Commission established by the Government in 2005. Information from the Government 467. The Government transmitted two communications to the Working Group. 468. In the first communication, dated 13 January 2012, the Government acknowledged receipt of a letter transmitted by the Working Group on 19 December 2011. The Government also reported that Thailand signed the International Convention on the Protection of All persons from Enforced Disappearance on 9 January 2012. 469. In the second communication, dated 4 April 2012, the Government provided information on two outstanding cases. The information provided was not considered sufficient to lead to the clarification of these cases. Information from sources 470. 112 Sources provided information on five outstanding cases.