Although there is progress towards meeting the targets in the MDGs related to water and sanitation, achieving
universal access to safe water and improved sanitation will require time and considerable investment in most
regions (Konkagul, 2009). It is also recommended that countries should identify or establish an institutional
base for water and sanitation, and prioritise investment for it where needs are greatest and the impacts likely
to be most substantial, for example in health centres, schools and workplaces. Both financial and human
resources are required for water and sanitation, together with more community involvement and an emphasis
on low cost technology options (UN, 2006).
2.2.2
SADC Regional Cooperation
Since the creation of SADC and the adoption and coming into force of the SADC Treaty in 1993, the
SADC Water Division, which falls under the Directorate of Infrastructure and Services of the SADC
Secretariat based in Gaborone, Botswana, has scored significant successes in the promotion and
management of the water resources of the SADC region in a sound and environmentally sustainable
manner. There is political goodwill within the SADC Member States, which has facilitated the
adoption by all Member States of a shared vision and common agenda to work together to achieve
the SADC regional goals.
Various documents related to strategies, policy, communication and river basin organisations have
thus been produced over the years, through very rigorous stakeholder consultations and
participation. These protocols, policies, strategies and information dissemination sharing networks,
provide the framework and enabling environment for the conceptualisation and eventual execution
of national, regional and inter‐regional water infrastructure. Figure 2.4 gives the relationships
between these legal, policy and strategy documents and processes. The following documents,
networking and information sharing platforms provide clear policies, strategies and the resultant
enabling environment respectively for the management of shared watercourses and the
development of water resources infrastructure within the SADC region.
Regulatory / Legal Framework
2.2.2.1
The SADC Declaration and Treaty
The Declaration Towards the Southern African Development Community by the SADC heads of state
and governments was adopted in Windhoek, Namibia on 17 August 1992. The SADC Treaty, which
governs the regional activities of SADC and its Member States, came into force on 30 September
1993. The original Declaration called upon all the countries and citizens of Southern Africa to develop
a vision of a shared future, a future within a regional community that would ensure the economic
well‐being, improvement of living standards and quality of life, freedom, social justice, peace and
security for the citizens of Southern Africa (SADC 2006).
2.2.2.2
The SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP)
Implementation of the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) commenced in
2005 and is the blueprint for SADC development. The RISDP outlines the key interventions necessary
to deepen regional integration and eradicate poverty on a sustainable basis (SADC 2009). It
incorporates crosscutting issues related to combating HIV and AIDS, gender equality and
mainstreaming, poverty eradication, environment and sustainable development, private sector
development, science and technology, as well as statistics.
2.2.2.3
The SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses
The overall objective of the SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses, which came into effect
in 2003, is to foster closer cooperation for judicious, sustainable and coordinated management,
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