JUDGMENT INTRODUCTION The Applicant is a citizen of the Republic of Kenya, an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya and a Human Rights lawyer and defender. His address of service for purposes of this Reference is care of MUREITHI OLEWE & ASSOCIATES ADVOCATES, 4TH Floor, JOSEM TRUST HOUSE (housing Barclays Bank), MASABA ROAD, OFF BUNYALI ROAD, LOWERHILL, P.O. BOX 52969,(00200), NAIROBI, KENYA. The 1st Respondent is the Attorney General of the Republic of Uganda, the Chief Legal Advisor to the Government of Uganda and is sued on behalf of the Government of Uganda. The 1st Respondent’s address of service for the purposes of the Reference is care of the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs Headquarters, plot No.1, Parliament Avenue, Queen`s Chambers, P.O. Box 7183 Kampala, Uganda. The 2nd Respondent is the Attorney General of the Republic of Kenya and is sued on behalf of the Government of Kenya. The 2nd Respondent’s address of service for the purposes of this Reference is care of the Attorney General`s Chambers, State Law Office, Sheria House, Harambee Avenue, P.O. Box 40112 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. It is also worth noting that on 3rd May, 2013, Avocats Sans Frontières by its Notice of motion sought orders for leave to intervene as Amicus Curiae in this Reference in compliance with Article 40 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community and Rule 36 of the Court’s Rules of Procedure, 2013 (herein referred to as “the Treaty” and” the Rules” respectively). The Application was granted on 28th August, 2013. REFERENCE NO.11 OF 2011 Page 2