REGIONAL INDIC ATIVE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PL AN 3 9 directly addresses food security concerns as well as income Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The sector generation. As regards trade, the latest revenue figures has also enhanced the regional capacity using existing from fish are estimated at 3.0 billion US dollars per year. training institutions, such as the College of African This figure can easily be increased if the Sector can adopt a Wildlife Management in Tanzania, and Tropical Resource strategy to improve the quality of fish through appropriate Ecology Programme at the University of Zimbabwe. handling, processing and conservation of the catch. The region has been successful in coordinating a common position at CITES, in particular the down listing 3.4.7.3 of ivory from Appendix I to II, and the sale of ivory to Japan Challenges in Current Policies and Strategies both of which were adopted at the 10th CITES in 1997. The • Lack of a programme for the effective management region has also started to implement programmes on the of fish stocks, which would cover all the Member transfrontier conservation areas, such as the Great States; Limpopo. • • • Absence of policies to promote aquaculture (fish grown in inland ponds) and mariculture (fish in 3.4.8.3 offshore ponds); Challenges in Current Policies and Strategies Improving the quality of fish through appropriate • Need for continuing to strengthen regional and handling, processing and conservation of fish national interventions aimed at curbing the illicit landings; and use of and trade in wild fauna and flora in order to Lack of concrete interventions to address the con- sustainably conserve the wildlife resources; straints faced by women in the sector. • Lack of policies and strategies aimed at the conservation of wildlife in mountains and high 3.4.8 WILDLIFE diversity ecosystems such as rainforests; • Lack of programmes covering long-term viability of wildlife -based tourism; and 3.4.8.1 • Lack of an enabling environment for women to play Review of the Current Policies and Strategies a more meaningful and empowering role in the The current policies focus on the conservation of regional management and conservation of natural resources, ecosystems and landscapes, endangered, endemic and including wildlife. cross-border migratory species; management of water catchments and aquatic ecosystems; and prevention of extinction of indigenous plant and animal species, especially those distributed across national boundaries. 3.5 SOCIAL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIAL PROGRAMMES The key strategies to implement the above policies include promotion of community based natural resources/ wildlife resources management; promotion of 3.5.1 OVERVIEW transfrontier conservation; sustainable wildlife resources The Social and Human Development cluster covers areas utilization; enhancing capacity building in wildlife of Human Resources Development, Health, Employment management and conservation; and the development and and Labour, and Culture and Information and Sport. It also implementation of domestic and international laws to caters for Special programmes. SADC Member States control illicit trade in wildlife and wildlife products. accord priority to social and human development in view of its crucial role both as a factor and as a broad measure 3.4.8.2 of development. As one of the core areas of integration, it Evaluation of Current Policies and Strategies is mandated to ensure the availability of educated, The Wildlife sector has been instrumental in initiating skilled, healthy, productive human resources required for Community-Based Wildlife Management particularly in promoting investment, efficiency and competitiveness of