safety and interests of the victim, the victim’s relatives, witnesses or persons who have intervened to assist the victim or prevent the occurrence of further violations; the search for disappeared victims, abducted children and the bodies of those killed, and assistance in the recovery, identification and reburial of victims’ bodies in accordance with the expressed or presumed wishes of the victims or affected families; official declaration or judicial decision restoring the dignity, reputation and rights of the victims and of persons closely connected with the victims; judicial and administrative sanctions against persons liable for the violations; public apologies, including acknowledgement of the facts and acceptance of responsibility; and commemorations and tributes to the victims. Guarantees of non-repetition 45. The overall aim of guarantees of non-repetition is to break the structural causes of societal violence, which are often conducive to an environment in which dehumanising experiences such as acts of torture and other ill-treatment take place and are not publicly condemned or adequately punished. 46. To guarantee non-repetition of torture and other ill-treatment, State Parties should undertake measures to combat impunity for violations. Such measures include: I. Establishing effective and clear instructions to and continued training of public officials, including law-enforcement officials as well as military and security forces, on the obligations of State Parties to the African Charter, especially regarding the absolute prohibition of torture and on the specific needs of marginalised, disadvantaged and discriminated populations; II. Establishing independent investigative mechanisms with the capacity, skills, powers and resources to effectively investigate allegations of torture and other ill-treatment; III. Ensuring that both individual perpetrators and those in command and/or management positions are held accountable; 14