Freedom of Expression in Africa, the Commission indicated that the information referred to in Article 9 of the African Charter is information "originating from" or held by public bodies, as well as information held by private bodies, which is necessary for the exercise or protection of a right= . 146. In this sense, the Commission agrees with the Complainants that the right to information is a gateway to all other human rights, including the right to health at issue in the case under review. Thus, as tge Commission stated in Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights and INTERIGHTS"v"Egypt, States have an obligation to provide information they hold "without the need to dert!dnstrate a direct interest in obtaining it or personal harm, except in the ~a$e'of legitimate restrictions'l.S 147. In the case under review, the Complainants mainly invoke the violation of Article 14 of the Maputo Protocol, which refers to the right to information on sexual and reproductive health. More specifically, they allege a violation of Article 14 (1) f of the above mentioned Protocol which states that II States shall ensure respect for and promotion of the rights ofi women to health, including sexual and reproductive health. These rights include: .. .j) the 'right tofamily planning education II • 148. Under this right, States Parties are obliged to. provide complete and accurate information necessary for the' respect, protection and enjoyment of health, including contraceptive methods." Measures that States should take include training and upgrading health care providers and educators on methods of contraception, ensuring that information-on contraceptive methods is provided by any 'possible means, enabling health systems structures, educational institutions and' p~pgrammes and civil society organisations with the requisite training to provide .family planning education and information to those concerned, and ensuiingJhat information is disseminated in languages accessible to communities. 56 0 '<(, 1~ 149. In the present case, as already explained, it is evident from various reports that the maternal mortality rate in Nigeria is among the highest. More importantly, it is observed from the Complainants allegations that the likelihood of a woman dying as a result of pregnancy in Nigeria is high. However, the Complainants have not shown how the ignorance of Nigerian women about contraception has contributed to this risk and, more importantly, how the Respondent State has played a passive role in providing family planning education. In their submissions, the Complainants fail to establish a causal link between family planning education and the maternal mortali~J? ". I ON f1lJr"4~ ~I)" ._,.,\ ~,,-CRE'~... ~,.., Declaration on the Principles of Freedom of Expre ,:In in. para IV (2). I~ nca, 53 54 Communication 323/06- 251 55 General Comment Egyptian Initiative for Perso Rt ... 4. No.2 on Article 14.1(a), (b), (c) and ~ ~[1' African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights 56 General Comment No.2 on Article 14.1(a), (b), (c) and (f) a >t'h "'i"-7 ""~ CHP ..'O Res.62, 23 October 2002, i) ~ ts an\.~. ifERI ~T~ AU·UA rtt Y~ ~~ f ~ . ~ a) Iw:.~~~~ Egypt (2013) ACHPR para (j (e) of the Protocol to the ra 28. ) and (c) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, para 28. 28