3. A Member of the Court shall also abstain from hearing cases in which the State by virtue of which he/she was elected is a party. 4. No Member of the Court shall take part in the consideration of any case if: a) he/she has previously acted, in relation to the case, as agent, counsel or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court or a commission of inquiry or in any other capacity; b) he/she has a personal interest in the case, including a spousal, parental or other close family, personal or professional relationship, or a subordinate relationship with any of the parties; c) he/she has expressed opinions publicly, through the communications media, in writing, through his or her public actions or otherwise, that may, objectively adversely affect his or her impartiality; d) for any other reason, his/her independence or impartiality may, legitimately, be called into doubt; 5. If a Member intends to withdraw for any of the aforesaid reasons he/she shall, accordingly, notify the President of the Court, who shall exempt such Judge from participation in the hearing of the matter. 6. In the event of any doubt as to the existence of any of the grounds for withdrawal listed in this Rule, the Member concerned shall make his/her disclosures to the Court, and deliberations and voting on the matter shall be carried out in his/her absence. 7