African Human Rights CLA 2.0

African Human Rights CLA 2.0

    • قاعدة البيانات
      • African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACmHPR)
      • African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
      • African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR)
      • ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECOWAS Court)
      • SADC Tribunal
      • East African Court of Justice (EACJ)
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    • مكتبة
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مرتبة حسب
  • عنوان
  • تم إضافة التاريخ
  • تاريخ التعديل
  • Case Head Notes
  • Year Decided
  • Date adopted
  • Outcome
  • Case Headnotes
  • Case Summary
  • ECCJ App no.
  • ECCJ Jud No.
  • Reservations
  • Treaty Series No
معاينة البطاقاتمعاينة الجدولعرض الخريطة
30 مبين 1458 الكيانات

005/2013 Alex Thomas v. United Republic of Tanzania

Case Summary
The Applicant states that he is a convict serving a 30 year custodial sentence at Karanga Central Prison at Moshi, Kilimanjaro Region, the United Republic of Tanzania following his conviction on 3 June 1998. He alleges that there has been an undue delay in consideration of his request for the review of the decision of the Court of Appeal of 29 May 2009 to uphold his conviction and that the the Trial and Appellate Courts erred in law by convicting him. He therefore requests that the Court quashes the decisions by the trial court and the appellate courts convicting him of the offences he was charged with, acquits him and sets him free.
Keywords
  • Domestic/National Laws
  • Judicial Independence
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
Country
  • Tanzania
ACHPR Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 1 - General Obligations
  • ACHPR 7.1.a: Right to Sue for Remedy before a Competent Tribunal
ACHPR Rights Not Violated
  • ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
  • ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
  • ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
  • ACHPR 7.1.b : Innocent Until Proven Guilty
  • ACHPR 9.1: Right to Receive Information
Outcome
  • Decided on Merits
Duration of Procedure
2 أغسطس 2013 ~ 2 فبراير 2015
Case Timeline
  • 25 أغسطس 2015 ~ 20 نوفمبر 2015
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

012/2015 – Anudo Ochieng Anudo v. United Republic of Tanzania

Case Summary
The Applicant who is a citizen of the United Republic of Tanzania and Director General of an NGO named “Tanzania Human for People Rights” was expelled from the territory by the Tanzanian Immigration services because of corruption. contends that he was expelled “illegally” in inhuman, undignified and degrading conditions. He further submits that he and all his biological parents are Tanzanians by birth. His rights to citizenship as guaranteed by the Tanzanian Constitution and International Law have been violated.
Keywords
  • Expulsion from Country of Citizenship
  • Freedom of Movement
  • Participation in Government
  • Personal Liberty
  • Protection of Family and Vulnerable Groups
  • Right to be Heard
  • Right to Equality Before the Law
  • Right to Health
  • Right to Nationality and Nationality Rights
  • Right to Work
Country
  • Tanzania
ACHPR Rights Alleged to be Violated
  • ACHPR 12 : Right to Freedom of Movement
  • ACHPR 13 : Right to Participate in Government
  • ACHPR 15 : Right to Work
  • ACHPR 16 : Right to Health
  • ACHPR 17.2: Freedom to Participate in Community Cultural Life
  • ACHPR 18 : Protection of the Family and Vulnerable Groups
  • ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
  • ACHPR 7.1.a: Right to Sue for Remedy before a Competent Tribunal
  • ACHPR 7.1.b : Innocent Until Proven Guilty
ACHPR Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 7 : Right to Fair Trial
Outcome
  • Decided on Merits
Duration of Procedure
24 مايو 2015 ~ 7 مارس 2017
Case Timeline
  • 24 مايو 2015 ~ 22 مارس 2018
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

003/2014 Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza v Rwanda

Case Summary
The Applicant, Ms. Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza, who is a Rwandan citizen, contends that when the genocide in Rwanda started in April 1994 she was in the Netherlands to further her university education in economics and business administration. However, upon her return to Rewanda (after seventeen years) to contribute to national development by forming a political party, she was remanded, placed under detention and charge with the crime of spreading the ideology of genocide, aiding and abetting terrorism, sectarianism and divisionism, undermining the internal security of a state, establishment of an armed branch of a rebel movement, and attempted recourse to terrorism, armed force and any form of violence to destabilize established authority and violate constitutional principles.
Keywords
  • Freedom of Expression
  • Genocide
  • Right to Equality Before the Law
  • Sectarianism and Divisionism
  • State Internal Security
  • Terrorism
  • Transitional Justice
  • Withdrawal of Declaration under Article 34(6) - AfCHPR Protocol
Country
  • Rwanda
ACHPR Rights Alleged to be Violated
  • ACHPR 9 : Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
  • ACHPR 15 : Right to Work
  • ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
  • ACHPR 7 : Right to Fair Trial
  • ACHPR 7.1.c: Right to Defence
  • ACHPR 9.2 : Right to Express and Disseminate Opinions Within the Law
ACHPR Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 7.1.c: Right to Defence
  • ACHPR 9.2 : Right to Express and Disseminate Opinions Within the Law
ACHPR Rights Not Violated
  • ACHPR 7.1 : Right to be Heard
  • ACHPR 7.1.c: Right to Defence
  • ACHPR 7.2 : Legal Offense without Retrospection
Outcome
  • Decided on Merits
Duration of Procedure
3 أكتوبر 2015 ~ 22 مارس 2017
Case Timeline
  • 3 أكتوبر 2015 ~ 24 نوفمبر 2017
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

016/2015 – General Kayumba Nyamwasa and Others v. Republic of Rwanda

Case Summary
The Applicants are citizens of the Republic of Rwanda who are currently in exile in South Africa, having fled from Rwanda, they allege that they are against the exercise in Rwanda to amend the Constitution to allow for the current President to run for the third term.
Keywords
  • Freedom of Movement
  • Participation in Government
  • Transitional Justice
  • Withdrawal of Declaration under Article 34(6) - AfCHPR Protocol
Country
  • Rwanda
ACHPR Rights Alleged to be Violated
  • ACHPR 13 : Right to Participate in Government
Outcome
  • Order of Provisional Measures
  • Outcome Inconclusive
Case Timeline
  • 22 يوليو 2015 ~ 3 يونيو 2018
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

006/2012 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v. Republic of Kenya

Case Summary
The Application is in respect of the Ogiek of the Mau Forest. - indigenous minority ethnic group in Kenya, about 15,000 of whom inhabit the greater Mau Forest complex. In October 2009, through the Kenya Forestry Service, the Kenyan Government issued a thirty (30) days eviction notice to the Ogiek and other settlers of the Mau Forest, The Application further contends that the decision of the Kenyan Government will have far reaching implications on the political, social and economic survival of the Ogiek Community.
Keywords
  • Damages and Compensation
  • Domestic/National Laws
  • Forced Eviction
  • Indigenous Communities
Country
  • Kenya
ACHPR Rights Alleged to be Violated
  • ACHPR 1 - General Obligations
  • ACHPR 14: Right to Property
  • ACHPR 17.2: Freedom to Participate in Community Cultural Life
  • ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
  • ACHPR 22: Peoples' Right to Economic, Social and Cultural Development
  • ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
  • ACHPR 4: Right to Life and Intergrity
  • ACHPR 8: Right to Freedom of Conscience
ACHPR Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 1 - General Obligations
  • ACHPR 14: Right to Property
  • ACHPR 17.2: Freedom to Participate in Community Cultural Life
  • ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
  • ACHPR 21: Right to Free Disposal of Wealth and Natural Resources
  • ACHPR 22: Peoples' Right to Economic, Social and Cultural Development
  • ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
  • ACHPR 8: Right to Freedom of Conscience
ACHPR Rights Not Violated
  • ACHPR 4: Right to Life and Intergrity
Outcome
  • Decided on Merits
Duration of Procedure
12 يوليو 2012 ~ 28 نوفمبر 2014
Case Timeline
  • 12 يوليو 2012 ~ 26 مايو 2017
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

02-07_JUD_DO1 Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd. & 78 Others v. Zimbabwe

Case Summary
The Land re-distribution program in Zimbabwe
Keywords
  • Right to Property
Country
  • Zimbabwe
Country Geolocation
Zimbabwe: 19° 0′ 56″ S, 29° 9′ 17″ E
SADC Tribunal Matter
عرض

002/2013 The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Libya

Case Summary
The victim (Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi) who is the second son of the former Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi was detained by the National Transitional Council and has been in isolation since 19 November 2011, without access to family, friends or any lawyer. He has, to date, not been charged with any offence, or brought before any Court.
Keywords
  • Right to Life
  • Transitional Justice
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
Country
  • Libya
ACHPR Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 7.1 : Right to be Heard
  • ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
Outcome
  • Decided on Merits
Duration of Procedure
31 يناير 2013 ~ 10 أغسطس 2015
Case Timeline
  • 28 فبراير 2013 ~ 3 يونيو 2017
AfCHPR Matter
عرض

7 88 Committee for the Defence of Political Prisoners Bahrain...

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • False Imprisonment
  • Torture and Ill Treatment
Country
  • Bahrain
Rights Violated
  • None Indicated
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

Achpr general comment no. 4 english

Preview
Preview
Date Adopted
4 مارس 2017
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ACmHPR Soft Law
عرض

7785 treaty 0025 protocol on the amendments to the constitutive act of the african union e(1)

Preview
Preview
Date adopted
11 مايو 2003
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Treaty
عرض

Aumincom instr charter democracy 2007 eng

Preview
Preview
Date adopted
30 يناير 2007
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Treaty
عرض

Communication 319 .06 eng

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • Death Sentence
  • Murder/Assassination
  • Right to Life
Country
  • Botswana
Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 1 - General Obligations
  • ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
Country Geolocation
Botswana: 22° 19′ 43″ S, 24° 41′ 6″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

ECW CCJ JUD 05 16

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Keywords
  • Immunity / Privileges (Diplomatic, Presidential, Parliamentary, etc)
  • Personal Liberty
  • Sexual Offences
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
Outcome
Decided on Merits
Year Decided
18 أبريل 2016
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ECOWAS Court
عرض

ECW CCJ JUD 22 15

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Keywords
  • Corruption
  • Mismanagement of Public Resources
  • Personal Liberty
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
Country
  • Mali
Outcome
Decided on Merits
Year Decided
23 أكتوبر 2015
Country Geolocation
Mali: 17° 34′ 14″ N, 3° 59′ 46″ W
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ECOWAS Court
عرض

ECW CCJ JUG 04 09 Amouzou Henri & 5 Others v. Côte d’Ivoire

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Keywords
  • Corruption
  • Cruel and Degrading Treatment
  • Fraud
  • Right to Dignity
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
Country
  • Côte d'Ivoire
Outcome
Decided on Merits
Year Decided
17 ديسمبر 2009
Country Geolocation
Côte d'Ivoire: 7° 32′ 24″ N, 5° 32′ 49″ W
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ECOWAS Court
عرض

EL HADJ TIDJANI ABOUBACAR v LA BANQUE CENTRALE DES ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST et L ETAT DU NIGER

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Keywords
  • Free Disposal of Wealth and Natural Resources
  • Mismanagement of Public Resources
  • Right to Property
Country
  • ECOWAS / ECOWAS Organ
  • Niger
Outcome
Case Dismissed
Year Decided
8 فبراير 2011
Country Geolocation
Niger: 17° 36′ 28″ N, 8° 4′ 54″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ECOWAS Court
عرض

SIDI AMAR IBRAHIM & AUTRES v LA REPUBLIQUE DU NIGER

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Keywords
  • Cruel and Degrading Treatment
  • Murder/Assassination
  • Right to Life
  • Torture and Ill Treatment
  • Transitional Justice
  • Violations Resulting from Warfare and Military Operations
  • إقامة العدل
Country
  • Niger
Outcome
Decided on Merits
Year Decided
8 فبراير 2011
Country Geolocation
Niger: 17° 36′ 28″ N, 8° 4′ 54″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ECOWAS Court
عرض

15 of 2014 Baranzira Raphael Ntakiyiruta Joseph vs Attorney General of the Republic of Burundi

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Country
  • Burundi
Keywords
  • Judicial Independence
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • إقامة العدل
Outcome
Decided on Merits
Rights Violated
  • EAC Treaty 6(d)
  • EAC Treaty 7(2)
Country Geolocation
Burundi: 3° 22′ 23″ S, 29° 55′ 8″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
EACJ Decision
عرض

62. General Comment No. 3 On The African Charter On Human And Peoples’ Rights

Preview
Preview
Date Adopted
18 نوفمبر 2015
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ACmHPR Soft Law
عرض

Guidelines on the Conditions of Arrest, Police Custody and Pre Trial Detention in Africa

Preview
Preview
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
ACmHPR Soft Law
عرض

001 11 SO FO Femi Falana v. African Union

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Separate Opinion
Keywords
  • Jurisdiction
Country
  • AU / AU Organ
Rights Violated
  • None Indicated
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
AfCHPR Ruling
عرض

REFERENCE NO 2 of 2012 Democratic party VS SG and 4 Others

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Judgement
Country
  • EAC / EAC Organ
  • State Agent
Keywords
  • Discrimination
  • Judicial Independence
  • Participation in Government
  • Right to Fair Trial
Outcome
Case Dismissed
Rights Violated
  • Non Indicated
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
EACJ Decision
عرض

1. The East African Court of Justice Rules of Procedure 2013

Preview
Preview
Date Adopted
11 أبريل 2013
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Rules of Procedure
عرض

4. Protocol on Employment and Labour English – 2014

Preview
Preview
Date adopted
18 أغسطس 2014
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Treaty
عرض

328 06 Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda v Republic of Angola

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • Judicial Independence
  • Right to Equality Before the Law
  • Right to Property
  • Right to Self-Determination
  • Torture and Ill Treatment
Country
  • Angola
Rights Violated
  • None Indicated
Country Geolocation
Angola: 11° 12′ 10″ S, 17° 52′ 26″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

307 05 Obert Chinhamo Zimbabwe

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • Civil and Political Rights
  • Competence of the Court
  • Education
  • Freedom of Assembly
  • Freedom of Association
  • Freedom of Expression
  • Freedom of Movement
  • Human Rights Violations
  • Police Brutality and Offences
  • Protection of Family and Vulnerable Groups
  • Protection of Privacy
  • Right to Dignity
  • Right to Education
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • Right to Health
  • Right to Information
  • Right to Privacy
  • Right to Property
  • Torture and Ill Treatment
  • الاعتقال والاحتجاز التعسفي
  • المقبولية
Country
  • Zimbabwe
Rights Violated
  • None Indicated
Country Geolocation
Zimbabwe: 19° 0′ 56″ S, 29° 9′ 17″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

322 06 Tsatsu Tsikata Ghana

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • Competence of the Court
  • Corruption
  • Exhaustion of Local Remedies
  • Judicial Independence
  • Mismanagement of Public Resources
  • Retro-activity of offence
  • Right to be Heard
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • إقامة العدل
  • المقبولية
Country
  • Ghana
Country Geolocation
Ghana: 7° 56′ 47″ N, 1° 1′ 23″ W
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

212 98 Amnesty International Zambia

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Decision
Keywords
  • Civil and Political Rights
  • Democracy
  • Discrimination
  • Expulsion from Country of Citizenship
  • Freedom of Association
  • Freedom of Expression
  • Freedom of Movement
  • Freedom of Opinion
  • Participation in Government
  • Peace and Security
  • Protection of Family and Vulnerable Groups
  • Refugees / Asylum Seekers
  • Right to be Heard
  • Right to Dignity
  • Right to Fair Trial
  • Right to Nationality and Nationality Rights
  • State Internal Security
  • Use of force
Country
  • Zambia
Rights Violated
  • ACHPR 10 : Right to Freedom of Association
  • ACHPR 18.1: Protection of women and children
  • ACHPR 18.2: Assistance to family
  • ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
  • ACHPR 7.1.a: Right to Sue for Remedy before a Competent Tribunal
  • ACHPR 8: Right to Freedom of Conscience
  • ACHPR 9.2 : Right to Express and Disseminate Opinions Within the Law
Country Geolocation
Zambia: 13° 8′ 2″ S, 27° 50′ 58″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

17. Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Materials (2001)

Preview
Preview
Date adopted
14 أغسطس 2001
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Treaty
عرض

01 2012 Frank David Omary and others v. Tanzania Order

Preview
Preview
Type of Document
  • Advisory Opinion
  • Decision
Keywords
  • سحب الطلب
Country
  • Tanzania
Country Geolocation
Tanzania: 6° 22′ 9″ S, 34° 53′ 20″ E
Case Summary
هذه الخاصية غير متوفرة
Document
عرض

30 مبين 1458 الكيانات

30 X أكثر 300 X أكثر
  • أوازي من إعداد: Human Rights Information and Documentation Systems

    uwazi
  •  
  • African Human Rights CLA 2.0
  •  
  • مكتبة
  • تسجيل الدخول
ضبط قوائم تصفية البيانات
    • 296
    • 1093
  • Type of Document
    واو
    • 487
    • 362
    • 110
    • 32
    • 26
    • 20
    • 11
    • 8
    • 6
    • 5
    • 5
    • 4
    • 2
    • 1
  • Keywords
    واو
    • 495
    • 287
    • 271
    • 270
    • 260
    • 219
    • 218
    • 211
    • 209
    • 206
    • 175
    • 160
    • 155
    • 130
    • 128
    • 125
    • 125
    • 115
    • 107
    • 103
    • 102
    • 102
    • 100
    • 99
    • 96
    • 91
    • 85
    • 84
    • 82
    • 80
    • 78
    • 73
    • 72
    • 68
    • 67
    • 67
    • 66
    • 65
    • 64
    • 62
    • 61
    • 58
    • 56
    • 51
    • 46
    • 45
    • 45
    • 44
    • 43
    • 41
    • 41
    • 40
    • 39
    • 38
    • 38
    • 37
    • 37
    • 36
    • 34
    • 34
    • 34
    • 34
    • 34
    • 33
    • 33
    • 32
    • 29
    • 28
    • 27
    • 26
    • 26
    • 25
    • 25
    • 25
    • 25
    • 25
    • 24
    • 24
    • 23
    • 23
    • 23
    • 23
    • 23
    • 20
    • 20
    • 20
    • 19
    • 18
    • 17
    • 16
    • 16
    • 16
    • 16
    • 15
    • 15
    • 15
    • 14
    • 14
    • 11
    • 11
    • 11
    • 10
    • 10
    • 10
    • 10
    • 9
    • 9
    • 9
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 7
    • 7
    • 7
    • 7
    • 7
    • 7
    • 6
    • 6
    • 6
    • 6
    • 6
    • 6
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
  • Country Accused
    واو
    • 154
    • 140
    • 50
    • 46
    • 41
    • 38
    • 35
    • 33
    • 32
    • 32
    • 30
    • 30
    • 28
    • 27
    • 27
    • 26
    • 25
    • 24
    • 23
    • 23
    • 21
    • 19
    • 19
    • 18
    • 15
    • 15
    • 14
    • 13
    • 9
    • 9
    • 9
    • 8
    • 8
    • 8
    • 7
    • 7
    • 7
    • 6
    • 6
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 2
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
  • ACHPR Rights Alleged to be Violated
    واو
    • 5
    • 5
    • 5
    • 4
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 3
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
  • ACHPR Rights Violated
    واو
    • 3
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
  • ACHPR Rights Not Violated
    واو
    • 4
    • 3
    • 3
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
  • Outcome
    واو
    • 539
    • 257
    • 64
    • 62
    • 19
    • 13
    • 12
    • 11
    • 10
    • 7
    • 6
    • 5
    • 3
    • 3
    • 2
    • 2
    • 2
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1
    • 1

بحث النص

اكتب نص في خانة البحث لتظهر بعض النتائج

    جدول المحتويات

     

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      العلاقات هي الروابط بين الكيانات

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