35. The European Court of Human Rights defined a victim in the case of Groppera Radio AG and others v Switzerland (Application no. 10890/84 judgment Strasbourg 28 March 1990, Groppera Radio AG); as follows: ““By ‘victim”, Article 25(1) means the person directly affected by the act or omission which is in issue,” Also in the case of Aziagbede Kokou & 68 Ors v. Republic of Togo ECW/CCJ/JUD/07/13 page 175 @24, the Court held that: “To claim to be a victim, there must exist a sufficient direct link between an applicant and the prejudice he deems to have suffered as a result of the alleged violation.” It follows from the above that a victim can be a person who suffers directly or indirectly any harm or pain (physical or mental injury), emotional suffering (through loss of a close family member or relation), economic loss (loss of Properties) or any impairment that can be categorized as human rights violation. Additionally, other than the loss, harm or damage, an Applicant must proof an interest in the matter which must be direct and personal. 36. In the case of Odafe Oserada v. ECOWAS Council of Ministers, ECOWAS Parliament & ECOWAS Commission, ECW/CCJ/JUD/01/08 @ 27, the Court held that: “Generally, and from a legal standpoint, the necessity for an Applicant to provide justification of interest in a case is attested to by the adage that where there is no interest, there is no action, and also an interest is the measuring rod for an action. In other words, an application is admissible only when the applicant justifies that he brings a case before a Judge for the purposes of protecting an interest or defending an infringement of such. Such an interest must be direct, personal and certain.” While a victim must have suffered directly from the alleged act and prove a direct or personal interest in the matter, this Court has through several decisions made exception for individuals and organizations who have not suffered directly or personally to institute actions in a representative capacity on behalf of victims. 15