The Court composed of: BEN ACHOUR, Sylvain ORE - President; Ben KIOKO - Vice-President; Rafaa Angelo V. MATUSSE, Chafika BENSAOULA, Suzanne Blaise TCHIKAYA, MENGUE, Tujilane R. CHIZUMILA, Stella |. ANUKAM and Imani D. ABOUD, Judges; and Robert ENO, Registrar. Pursuant to Article 22 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Peoples' Rights (hereinafter referred to as "the Protocol") and Rule 8(2) of the Rules of Court (hereinafter referred to as "the Rules"), Justice M-Thérése MUKAMULISA, a national of Rwanda did not hear the Application. In the matter of: Fidéle MULINDAHABI Self-represented Versus REPUBLIC OF RWANDA, Unrepresented after deliberation, renders the following Ruling in default: a member of the Court and ©