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·j:t .. " , ..: , ' ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples' Hiqhts 174. Human Rights our Collective Responsibility Article 16 (1) of the Charter provides that "Every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of health." Article:16 (2) provides that "State Parties to the present shall take the necessary measures to protect the health of their people and to ensure that they receive medical attention when they are SiCk'll, 175. The scope and application of the Article 16 of the Charter has been clearly espoused by the Commission . in its !Principles and I I Guidelines ,.,' ,. ~.;. .~. < ,'~-" on the ~ Implementation of ECOSOC Rights in the African Ch~rteii::(jrfHuman and Peoples' . I ".',' \ Rights (the Guidelines) of 2011 wherein i1 inter{,dli~{,~:~~tes I;'t~~,right to health is an inclusive right that encompasses both health care and the unae.rly.i.1J&~etermirul1}ts ofhealih." It also sets out the minimum core obliga .' I state of physical and mental health ~Di ',' s t~;~ij~~;~"'th~~:b~~~'~atf~~nable . ',. ,~ ~ g others;;(~g:r,Wg the right of 1 ~ . access to health facilities, goods Cl:p,<q.!:~r~ice1 onA",\;,!,;$,,:,-discriminatory'basis, especially for vulnerable or marginal~\~edgrouP~';,:;'I~J Purohi~:~~~~,Moore v The Gambia, the Commission stated that/5eiL!:4~rent of th~1;hi,t;~~~:F righi'1&\;g~fltth as it is widely known is vital to all aspects ~,+,~f;?~:s1if~~fl?k!leli~+~gf¥'JR~i~}ltcial to the realisation of all the other [undamentatiiuman the right to health facilities, rig11.tsand ft~e#qrns. ThisrigIzfincludes access to goods a~i services. to be guara~~.J4tQJ~II"rvit~u t discrimination of any kind." 176, The SecOl1"P1<;::omplainant subl;p.itst4,'C;lt her right to health was violated because !;\Y~Ji,i'~:";'., '~1:l ~/ , sh~:~as diagnosea.;'. ' 'Jh tumours i~ both. breasts but not given adequate care and tre~tm~'lit o/):lilstin de ' :~~[!'contributed to a significant deterioration of her healt~\~h~'~i's~:;~ubJ,nitsthat her conditions of detention were inappropriate and she -(> .. ". suffereddelays in recei'v;img ~, ~.. treatment. She received inappropriate post-operative care \ , , and insufficient medication and was not transferred to an appropriate specialist establishmeri~'f8Ptreatment and care, was not given follow -up appointments as they r ./ were cancelled~'was not seen by any medically trained personnel post the operation I and her medical file declared lost upon a, request from the Commission to make it . available. She further submits that as a result of the poor treatment and care and the I t: (f . $ \~ . horrendous living conditions in the prison, she was suffering ~0~ , £o~~~1'~RIAr typhoid, chronic gastritis and sinusitis a~ the time she was 2015. She relied amongst others on the 56 I P age Af;l;;n~~~ Union\Q!w. ~>,rna, . o~ tram ., iso~lI.• ;. sion 0 ,Human <!Jid'P~opies' ~, ~~I"'\. ~\J /~Ight~ 31 Bijilo Anne ,'1:!Y,Out7{l¥"mbo.Nor!.WDilQ3CjU The African Commi 'est Co'as! ~egl0n ~Yj~lW~ Phone: (220} 2~O4, ,~~EJ6.J~€CU\45:1:P.&'i"'4 Email: au ..5af.1ltJl~?fflea:;;l:Jii(on,orE https:/achpr,au.int/l' (; 11:1

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Communication 461/13 - Eskinder Nega Fenta and Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v. Ethiopia

ACHPR Decision

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Type of Document

Decision

Keywords

Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
Detention Facilities/Conditions
Freedom of Expression / Digital Rights
Right to Fair Trial
Right to Health
Women in prison

Case Head Notes: The First Complainant was arrested on suspicion of terrorism, five days after publishing an online column that criticized the Respondent State's 2009 Proclamation on Anti-Terrorism. The Second Complainant, despite having their sentence reduced from 14 years to five years, had the charge of participation in a terrorist organization upheld against her by the Cassation Division of the Federal Supreme Court. She also states that she was forced to return to prison, after undergoing an operation to remove tumours, during which time she experienced significant pain and discomfort. The Complainants assert that the 2009 Anti-Terrorism Proclamation, and its subsequent implementation have resulted in a significant number of prosecutions of dissenting voices in the Respondent State and that this constitutes a serious or massive violation of human rights, both dejure and defacto. The Commission found a violation of Article 7 because the Second Complainant was not promptly informed of the reason for her arrest, she was not promptly brought before a court of law, she was denied access to a lawyer from the time of her arrest to her preliminary hearing and, when she had access to lawyers, she was not permitted to hold private meetings with them. The Commission further found that Article 7 was violated because negative publicity regarding her guilt, prior to the conclusion of her trial, compromised her right to be presumed innocent, and because, for a number of the charges, she was required to prove her innocence rather than the Court being required to prove her guilt beyond a resaonsable doubt. Additionally, the Commission stated that the negative pre-trial campaign, and a statement by the Prime Minister to Parliament either did, or could have, influenced the proceedings to the detriment of the Second Complainant, and violated her right to an indepedent and impartial proceeding. The Commission found a violation of Article 9 stating that it is the responsibility of the Respondent State, and its officials and agents, to ensure that freedom of expression is respected and protected. As government officials, directly and indirectly, sent the Second Complainant death threats, contributed to the closure of her magazine, and intimidated her to stop writing articles, the Second Complainant's right to freedom of expression was violated by the Respondent State. Additionally, the Commission noted that the broad language of the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation is suceptible to arbitrary application, and affirmed that, in the present case, it did not provide a legitimate basis for restricting the Second Complainant's freedom of expression. The Commission found a violation of Article 16 as, on account of poor sanitary conditions, it did not provide the Second Complainant with conditions of detention consistent with human dignity and the highest attainable standard of health. Further, the Respondent State failed to take measures to ensure adequate and timely medical treatment, including, access to essential drugs, trained medical personnel, preventitive measures against diseases, and recognition of her specific health needs as a woman. The Commission also cited the Respondent State's non-response to the Provisional Measures that were issued to prevent irreparable harm to the Second Complainant. The Commission requested the Respondent State to pay suitable compensation to the Second Complainant (including loss of earnings and compensation for extended pain and suffering), to declare that the 2009 Anti-Terrorism Proclamation is not line with the Respondent State's obligations under international law and to amend it accordingly, and to inform the Commission of the measures being taken to implement the decision.

Country

Ethiopia

Outcome: Decided on Merits

Year Decided: Aug 2, 2022

Rights Alleged to be Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 16: Right to Health

Rights Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 16: Right to Health

Duration of Procedure

Nov 12, 2013 ~ Aug 2, 2022

Country Geolocation

Latitude: 9.145000000000001

Longitude: 40.489673

Country Geolocation (linked ACHPR Decision): Ethiopia

Primary Documents

Eskinder Nega Fenta & Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v Ethiopia.pdf
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African Human Rights CLA 2.0

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Communication 461/13 - Eskinder Nega Fenta and Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v. Ethiopia

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