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AC PR African Commission on Human and Peoples' RiglJ_ts Human Rights our Collective Responsibility association and assembly, as well as tljteright to participate freely in the government of the country. The Cornplainant refers to paragraph 3 of Resolution ACHPR/Res. 5 (XI) 92 on t~e Right to Freedom of Association and submits that, while acknowledging the rights and duty of the State to regulate the exercise of the rights I to freedom of expression and association, such rights, under the Afr~can Charter, can only be restricted on the basis of public interest as enshrfned in Article 27(2) of the African Charter. As such, targeting the Victim simply on the basis of his skin colour does not fall within the acceptable derogations of the freedoms set out in Articles 10 (1), 11 and 13 of the African Charter. . Alleged violation of Article 14 of the Mril.n Ch 108. The Complainant contends that ~e mnfisc . Victim's property constitutes a vio,l9/yforl,,,d~ .the guaranteed in Article 14 of the African.Charter: ;" .' ""'t:f?ci:i:t, of the 0'; :;: The Complainant submits t the" .. tiin was bq Rusape, Zimbabwe, attended an ;1";'ag;icu colle ¢l:;"and worked as a farm . ~h··t;.;:0· manager before purc ",' g his farrri:<~,~la,I),,9'> through Standard Chartered Bank in 19,8. " omRi~;n , rvers the Victim borrowed further funds with which h <~hased, ....,[,.more farm lands in Karoi ar~a, Zimbabw:,;R~~e~er, the . ras~~~~mfortable wi:h the insular attitude of otherjwhite farmers on 'u!tdmg farm, and decided to move to Chimanimanioeastern Zimbabwe; ;here he announced his arrival to the traditionall~~clers and vari01i'stra itional ceremonies were held before \~,<.·~'\r>., ~5~ I he WaS, anted the~~FmFovalto proceed with his project. 109. r that ~~: ,_'. '.",:'.':::';:', ('" ":'" ." I /;"'. The\~:~omp( iQant slibrrtifs that he was issued a "certificate of no present i~~~r".' '':~%~ ase his far, - C~arleswoo~ Estate, which he transforme~i}:rnto. a />' hly productl\je entity, growmg coffee on 310 h:ct~res anaj;~~., h.e... rd of 880 cattle. The Fomplai~ant fur.ther avers that the VIctim enter~~?,j{;~mto a partnership 't1th an international company to process and f;,export coffee, and registered the estate as an Export Processing Zone protecting it from compulsory acquisition by the government. I 110. The Complainant submits that the 'right to property is a fundamental right in democratic society. The Complainant avers that the acquisition of the Victim's farm amounted to an acit of expropriation. It submits that _ under international law, the following minimum standard ~u~~~" c~m~li~d with for an act of e.xpropriat~ont,obe lawful: it .ought to.~~RETAR'4r discriminatory, for a public purpose and accompamed by qwmB' .. " adequate and effective compensation. ,'.18 (~~ 111. <\:i , '10'6 Page\~ OA,\'6 <~.' ~ ~\ ~""'''? Of AU-UA \~~ "-'lJ' ,.5'/0 ", c "" 4':RICP.\~ .", I-to "., :-::--.MME ••• ~~~_I i ~:; 0(1), ,g: (:.<:>~".; S~ .// 'f 0 '<;'/jI (:...:::,q_'V.y ET oc "!,,.,';F !

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Communication 298/05 - Roy Bennett (Represented by Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights) v. Zimbabwe

ACHPR Decision

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Type of Document

Decision

Keywords

Cruel and Degrading Treatment
Damages and Compensation
Equality
Equality Before the Law
Freedom from Discrimination
Freedom of Association
Freedom of Expression / Digital Rights
Freedom of Opinion
Investigation
Land Expropriation
Land Rights
Participation in Government
Personal Liberty
Protection of Family and Vulnerable Groups
Right to Fair Trial
Right to Property
Torture and Ill Treatment

Case Head Notes: During a parliamentary debate, the Victim was verbally assaulted by the Minister of Justice and became so upset that he pushed the Minister of Justice to the ground. A parliamentary committee was established to try the Victim for contempt of Parliament, and the Victim was found guilty of contempt and sentenced to 12 months in prison with hard labour. The Complainant states that the trial was a continuation of a targeted campaign against the Victim, in which attacks were made on his farm and against him, his wife, and the workers on his farm. Additionally, the Complainant states that the Victim had his land confiscated by the Respondent State. The Commission found a violation of Article 2, stating that even though the perpetrators, who invaded the Victim's land, were not acting in pursuance of the government's policy, the fact that their actions were linked to the President's speech, where he singled out the victim for his political views, established a sufficient link between the actions of the Respondent State's discriminatory stance against the Victim's political views, and the harm suffered by the Victim, to constitute a violation of Article 2. The Commission found violations of Articles 3 and 5 because the Respondent State failed to investigate and try the perpetrators who assaulted the Victim and his wife. The Commission found a violation of Article 6 stating that detaining the Victim without allowing him access to a legal representative of his choice violated Article 6. The Commission found a violation of Article 7 stating that, in the Parliamentary hearing, the Chairperson exercised the dual function of being the Complainant and the adjudicator, contravening the appropriate safeguards of natural justice that should have been followed. The Commission found violations of Articles 10, 11 and 13, stating that the President's speech, which targeted the Victim because of his political association and opinion, motivated the attacks against the Victim, and therefore contravened his right to freedom of expression, association and participation in government. The Commission found a violation of Article 14 stating that, while the Respondent State may legitimately expropriate land in support of public interest, a key requirement is that there must be appropriate and timely compensation and, in the present case, the delay in compensation, and the manner in which the land was confiscated, violated Article 14. The Commission found a violation of Article 18 because the Respondent State failed to investigate and prosecute the perpetrators of the attack against the victim and his family, and further because it was the speech of the President that incited the attacks against the Victim. The Commission found that the Respondent State's failure to protect the Victim's Charter rights also means that Article 1 was violated. The Commission requested the Respondent State to pay fair and adequate compensation to the victim for the acquisition of his property, and the loss of his equipment and livestock, in accordance with the principles guiding expropriation of private property under international law. The Commission also requested the Respondent State to independently investigate and punish all non-State actors responsible for the attacks against the Victim and his family and to report back to the Commission on the measures taken to implement the recommendations.

Country

Zimbabwe

Outcome: Decided on Merits

Year Decided: Mar 9, 2022

Rights Alleged to be Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 7.1: Right to be Heard
ACHPR 1: General Obligations
ACHPR 10: Right to Freedom of Association
ACHPR 11: Right to Freedom of Assembly
ACHPR 13: Right to Participate in Government
ACHPR 14: Right to Property
ACHPR 18: Protection of the Family and Vulnerable Groups
ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
ACHPR 26 : Duty to Guarantee Independence of Courts
ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
ACHPR 7.1.a: Right to Sue for Remedy before a Competent Tribunal

Rights Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 1: General Obligations
ACHPR 10: Right to Freedom of Association
ACHPR 10.1: Freedom of association
ACHPR 11: Right to Freedom of Assembly
ACHPR 13: Right to Participate in Government
ACHPR 13.1: Right to participate freely in government
ACHPR 14: Right to Property
ACHPR 18: Protection of the Family and Vulnerable Groups
ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
ACHPR 3: Right to Equality before the Law and Equal Protection of the Law
ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest

Duration of Procedure

Feb 3, 2005 ~ Mar 9, 2022

Country Geolocation

Latitude: -19.015438

Longitude: 29.154857

Country Geolocation (linked ACHPR Decision): Zimbabwe

Primary Documents

Roy Bennett (Represented by Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights) v Zimbabwe.pdf
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African Human Rights CLA 2.0

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Communication 298/05 - Roy Bennett (Represented by Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights) v. Zimbabwe

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