65. The nexus between Articles 6(d) and 7(2) of the Treaty lies in the
principles of good governance, democracy and rule of law which are
not detailed anywhere else in the Treaty.
66. In its 1992 report entitled “Governance and Development”, the
World Bank defined good governance as “the manner in which
power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic
and social resources for development.”
67. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in the
Sixty-Seventh Session of its Executive Board described the essence
of good governance as “predictable, open and enlightened policy,
together with a bureaucracy imbued with a professional ethos
and an executive arm of government accountable for its actions.
All these elements are present in a strong civil society
participating in public affairs, where all members of the society
act under the rule of law” [emphasis added].
68. For
the
International
Development
Association
(IDA),
good
governance can be assessed on the following four major pillars or
principles: Accountability;
Transparency;
The rule of law; and
Participation.
69. As regards the principles of democracy, the International Covenant
on Civil and
Political Rights (December, 1966) provides for the
following rights as expressive of a true democracy: Freedom of expression under Article 19;
Reference No. 5 of 2013
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