their stability until mandatory retirement age or the end of their term of office, if any, the conditions for promotion, transfer, suspension and termination of their duties, and the effective independence of the judiciary from political interference by the executive and legislative branches of government. States should adopt specific measures to ensure the independence of the judiciary by protecting judges from any form of political influence in their decision making through the establishment or adoption of laws establishing clear procedures and objective criteria for the appointment, remuneration, term of office, promotion, suspension and dismissal of members of the judiciary and disciplinary sanctions against them. The requirement of impartiality has two aspects. First, judges must not allow their judgment to be influenced by personal bias or prejudice, nor harbor prejudices about the particular case before them, nor act in a way that unduly promotes the interests of one party over the other. The court must also appear impartial to a reasonable observer. (See Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 32 §20 e 21). 134. Returning to the case at hand, it should be noted that the Applicant at the time of the facts, was a Member of Parliament with the status of former Speaker of the National Assembly and, for these facts, he held parliamentary immunity. 135. The Respondent does not contradict this argument, but rather confirms it. 136. However, the Applicant believes that the Federal Attorney was not competent to make the requisition for waiver of his parliamentary immunity because he was not a judicial authority. 137. Let us see whether this argument by Applicant proves to be well founded. 32