27. The Applicants state that the Respondent was aware of the locations of these Fulani herdsmen in the neighboring communities particularly Nasarawa State and have created safe havens for them. That the Respondent have failed to take action to stop these attacks but rather allowed the Fulani militias to unlawfully carry sophisticated assault weapons. That since the unfortunate Fulani attacks, the Applicants’ communities and thousands of their kinsmen have been camped in primary schools and shanties under deplorable conditions unworthy of human lives and bereft of basic necessities such as food and medical. The Applicants therefore lodged an application before this Court claiming against the Respondent as victims of violations of human rights under Articles 1, 3, 4, 6, 23 and 24 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. 28. The Respondent denies any violation of the rights of the Applicants and insists that the problem arose out of an ethnic clash between the Fulani herdsmen and the Applicants’ community and therefore cannot be held liable for any of the violations of rights that occurred. 29. The conditions precedent to ground an action before the Court is the establishment that: (a) The subject matter is a violation of human rights under the several accepted international human rights instruments. (b) That the Applicant is a victim who has suffered personal loss, hurt, or damage to property and with interest to grant locus standi (standing) before the Court. The Applicant must equally prove with certainty the injury, hurt, damage or loss as alleged. (c) That the Respondent is responsible for the violations alleged. See Suit No. ECW/CCJ/APP/09/11, Ruling No. ECW/CCJ/RUL/03/14: The Registered Trustees of the SERAP v. Federal Republic of Nigeria & Anor. 30. In dealing with (a) above, Article 9 (4) of the Supplementary Protocol 2005 on the Court grants it the mandate to adjudicate on matters of human rights violations. It provides: “The Court has jurisdiction to determine cases of violation of human rights that occur in any member state.” 12