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ACHPR e African Commission 011 Human and Peoples' Ri~Jtlts 125. Human Rights our Collective Responsibility On the 1 November 2016, the Secretariat received. a motion for the dismissal of I this Communication dated 6 October 2016. The motion was submitted pursuant to , Article 56(7) of the Charter and Rule 93 (2) O):ofthe Commission's Rules of Procedure 2010. The Respondent State's submits that the Communication should be dismissed because there was no pending cause of actio~ since the Second Complainant's 14-year sentence was reduced on appeal to 5 years and she was already released from prison on 15 July 2015 after serving 3 out of the 5 yJars. In adqlti~ri~"t~¢ same complaint was I submitted . , .' ': on her behalf before the UNESCO Ex~c~t:ive Bo~rcl, and the latter has • v . ,,'i,i\~;;>~\ :'.,-:--: ' :,' .,':, ' considered and dismissed the Complaint. "-." 126. . '< - ·f ',,>. The question is whether this motio ',~ - ..,; .'_ _ :'::: . ,;;:.., t and'G~h,pe entertained by the """r~ ---"~~" ' "CO 1},J' unicatioR~tel~ting to human Commission? Article 56(7) of the C~arter s and peoples' rights referred to in,~t~~l~ 55 ot tH /Pfter received Q~;the Commission, shall be considered if they" .::do ~ot deh'l~iu.itbl cases ib ,.,:·l~~~ave been settled by these States 0;t involved in accordance ,~tltifIe~t~.~IPleS~!~~?i:r J.' ii'i'iedNations, or the Charter o~ the orgallizatio:t,~~f,iX:;~~~Uhl~tf~:i:~h'e prorSi()'~~:~~<i/!l'pres~nt Charter", (J) of the Co~~sslOn Rule 93 (2) s Rules of P:r8,~~~~rI201g0also provides that "The Secretary shall ensure tha~§:ommunications addr~$$e.d,to the Commission contain the following ", ':~%:"indication that lithe co~p'laint has not been submitted to another information \}~:':~:1/>' ~,,( internfl~ionalsettlenie~~:~!f!:~f.ceeding as t~;ovidedin Article 56(7) of the African Charter", \"t',-,,_ 127. .~,,>. ';;;'Fl~~':i;~l;~,:q~~}>:, ..:,: \!.'ArPi'fl,~.,.56 (7) of'" ;,'.. co~hnic'~ti'6~{;·to'. Q~ brought <. :'';','_ ..},~' ..,''/' \("\" ,_' I • parter is <;me of the conditions precedent for a under Article 55 of the Charter to be declared ,~,1::,,:,:,r:''1 I admissible, 01Votherwi~~; whilst rule 93 (2) 0) of the Rules of Procedure 2010 is a ,',. I requiremerit:ior an individual Complaint ~o be seized by the Commission. In this Communication,' >_;.' the Commission considered . I d..... ' and decided to be seized of the I Complaint at 'its 15th Extraordinary Session held from 7 to 14 March 2014 in Banjul, I The Gambia, having been satisfied that it has met all the requirements under Rule 93 I I of its Rules of Procedure 2010 and same was officially communicated to the parties on I I 18th March 2014. The Commission also requested : the partiesA.@~ ;f!{f+ G~'i.1'AR'~r ~o admissibility o~the cOmmUnicatiO~.The <r0mplainanls' su~1f,7~:!~t.~e: May 2014 whilst the Respondent s StatEt 33 I P age """'" ~Uniont:..~i.I : {~ the i!', L (!) .)~§ The African Commi sl9nton\Human and Peoples'(/) . . -e. % \.. p"u-Ut.. Rig'hts 31 Bijilo Anne \.:ayodf3'.,KO,.' ruboJ~.9f.tIfD,J~trilit', • -f. est,C011.~~,~E(gl9,TJ'GaJ3i~~ Phone: (220) 230 ~~1~F&X;.\?2Q).44>~~(f4 Email: au=!ful.ljur@affiM;uniofJ.orq -....... ~. https:/acnpr.au.intiO 0 Ill!

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Communication 461/13 - Eskinder Nega Fenta and Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v. Ethiopia

ACHPR Decision

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Type of Document

Decision

Keywords

Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
Detention Facilities/Conditions
Freedom of Expression / Digital Rights
Right to Fair Trial
Right to Health
Women in prison

Case Head Notes: The First Complainant was arrested on suspicion of terrorism, five days after publishing an online column that criticized the Respondent State's 2009 Proclamation on Anti-Terrorism. The Second Complainant, despite having their sentence reduced from 14 years to five years, had the charge of participation in a terrorist organization upheld against her by the Cassation Division of the Federal Supreme Court. She also states that she was forced to return to prison, after undergoing an operation to remove tumours, during which time she experienced significant pain and discomfort. The Complainants assert that the 2009 Anti-Terrorism Proclamation, and its subsequent implementation have resulted in a significant number of prosecutions of dissenting voices in the Respondent State and that this constitutes a serious or massive violation of human rights, both dejure and defacto. The Commission found a violation of Article 7 because the Second Complainant was not promptly informed of the reason for her arrest, she was not promptly brought before a court of law, she was denied access to a lawyer from the time of her arrest to her preliminary hearing and, when she had access to lawyers, she was not permitted to hold private meetings with them. The Commission further found that Article 7 was violated because negative publicity regarding her guilt, prior to the conclusion of her trial, compromised her right to be presumed innocent, and because, for a number of the charges, she was required to prove her innocence rather than the Court being required to prove her guilt beyond a resaonsable doubt. Additionally, the Commission stated that the negative pre-trial campaign, and a statement by the Prime Minister to Parliament either did, or could have, influenced the proceedings to the detriment of the Second Complainant, and violated her right to an indepedent and impartial proceeding. The Commission found a violation of Article 9 stating that it is the responsibility of the Respondent State, and its officials and agents, to ensure that freedom of expression is respected and protected. As government officials, directly and indirectly, sent the Second Complainant death threats, contributed to the closure of her magazine, and intimidated her to stop writing articles, the Second Complainant's right to freedom of expression was violated by the Respondent State. Additionally, the Commission noted that the broad language of the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation is suceptible to arbitrary application, and affirmed that, in the present case, it did not provide a legitimate basis for restricting the Second Complainant's freedom of expression. The Commission found a violation of Article 16 as, on account of poor sanitary conditions, it did not provide the Second Complainant with conditions of detention consistent with human dignity and the highest attainable standard of health. Further, the Respondent State failed to take measures to ensure adequate and timely medical treatment, including, access to essential drugs, trained medical personnel, preventitive measures against diseases, and recognition of her specific health needs as a woman. The Commission also cited the Respondent State's non-response to the Provisional Measures that were issued to prevent irreparable harm to the Second Complainant. The Commission requested the Respondent State to pay suitable compensation to the Second Complainant (including loss of earnings and compensation for extended pain and suffering), to declare that the 2009 Anti-Terrorism Proclamation is not line with the Respondent State's obligations under international law and to amend it accordingly, and to inform the Commission of the measures being taken to implement the decision.

Country

Ethiopia

Outcome: Decided on Merits

Year Decided: Aug 2, 2022

Rights Alleged to be Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 16: Right to Health

Rights Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 16: Right to Health

Duration of Procedure

Nov 12, 2013 ~ Aug 2, 2022

Country Geolocation

Latitude: 9.145000000000001

Longitude: 40.489673

Country Geolocation (linked ACHPR Decision): Ethiopia

Primary Documents

Eskinder Nega Fenta & Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v Ethiopia.pdf
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African Human Rights CLA 2.0

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Communication 461/13 - Eskinder Nega Fenta and Reyoot Alemu (Represented by Media Legal Defence Initiative and Freedom Now) v. Ethiopia

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