51
McCANN AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM JUDGMENT
It follows that, having regard to the dilemma confronting the authorities
in the circumstances of the case, the actions of the soldiers do not, in
themselves, give rise to a violation of this provision (art. 2-2).
201. The question arises, however, whether the anti-terrorist operation as
a whole was controlled and organised in a manner which respected the
requirements of Article 2 (art. 2) and whether the information and
instructions given to the soldiers which, in effect, rendered inevitable the
use of lethal force, took adequately into consideration the right to life of the
three suspects.
(3) Control and organisation of the operation
202. The Court first observes that, as appears from the operational order
of the Commissioner, it had been the intention of the authorities to arrest the
suspects at an appropriate stage. Indeed, evidence was given at the inquest
that arrest procedures had been practised by the soldiers before 6 March and
that efforts had been made to find a suitable place in Gibraltar to detain the
suspects after their arrest (see paragraphs 18 and 55 above).
203. It may be questioned why the three suspects were not arrested at the
border immediately on their arrival in Gibraltar and why, as emerged from
the evidence given by Inspector Ullger, the decision was taken not to
prevent them from entering Gibraltar if they were believed to be on a
bombing mission. Having had advance warning of the terrorists’ intentions
it would certainly have been possible for the authorities to have mounted an
arrest operation. Although surprised at the early arrival of the three suspects,
they had a surveillance team at the border and an arrest group nearby (see
paragraph 34 above). In addition, the Security Services and the Spanish
authorities had photographs of the three suspects, knew their names as well
as their aliases and would have known what passports to look for (see
paragraph 33 above).
204. On this issue, the Government submitted that at that moment there
might not have been sufficient evidence to warrant the detention and trial of
the suspects. Moreover, to release them, having alerted them to the
authorities’ state of awareness but leaving them or others free to try again,
would obviously increase the risks. Nor could the authorities be sure that
those three were the only terrorists they had to deal with or of the manner in
which it was proposed to carry out the bombing.
205. The Court confines itself to observing in this respect that the danger
to the population of Gibraltar - which is at the heart of the Government’s
submissions in this case - in not preventing their entry must be considered to
outweigh the possible consequences of having insufficient evidence to
warrant their detention and trial. In its view, either the authorities knew that
there was no bomb in the car - which the Court has already discounted (see
paragraph 181 above) - or there was a serious miscalculation by those
responsible for controlling the operation. As a result, the scene was set in
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents