The Court composed of: Modibo SACKO, Vice-President; Rafaâ BEN ACHOUR, Suzanne MENGUE, Chafika BENSAOULA, Blaise TCHIKAYA, Stella I. ANUKAM, Dumisa B. NTSEBEZA, Dennis D. ADJEI, and Duncan GASWAGA – Judges; and Robert ENO, Registrar. In accordance with Article 22 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (hereinafter referred to as “the Protocol”) and Rule 9(2) of the Rules of Court (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”),1 Justice Imani D. ABOUD, President of the Court and a national of Tanzania, did not hear the Application. In accordance with Rule 9(4)(d) of the Rules, Justice Tujilane R. CHIZUMILA, recused herself. In the Matter of: Centre for Human Rights (CHR), Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) and Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) Represented by: i. Prof Frans VILJOEN, Director, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria; ii. Mr Michael Gyan NYARKO, Deputy Executive Director, Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa; iii. Mr Fulgence MASSAWE, Director of Advocacy and Reforms, Legal and Human Rights Centre and iv. Dr Chipo Irene RUSHWAYA, Senior Legal Officer, Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa. Versus UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 1 Rule 8(2), Rules of Court, 2 June 2010. 1