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which begins or terminates within the territory of the
land-locked State;
(d) "means of transport" means:
(i) railway rolling stock, sea, lake and river craft and road
vehicles;
(ii) where local conditions so require, porters and pack
animals.
2. Land-locked States and transit States may, by agreement between
them, include as means of transport pipelines and gas lines and means of
transport other than those included in paragraph 1.
Article 125
Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit
1. Land-locked States shall have the right of access to and from the sea
for the purpose of exercising the rights provided for in this Convention
including those relating to the freedom of the high seas and the common
heritage of mankind. To this end, land-locked States shall enjoy freedom of
transit through the territory of transit States by all means of transport.
2. The terms and modalities for exercising freedom of transit shall be
agreed between the land-locked States and transit States concerned through
bilateral, subregional or regional agreements.
3. Transit States, in the exercise of their full sovereignty over their
territory, shall have the right to take all measures necessary to ensure that the
rights and facilities provided for in this Part for land-locked States shall in no
way infringe their legitimate interests.
Article 126
Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause
The provisions of this Convention, as well as special agreements relating
to the exercise of the right of access to and from the sea, establishing rights
and facilities on account of the special geographical position of land-locked
States, are excluded from the application of the most-favoured-nation clause.
Article 127
Customs duties, taxes and other charges
1. Traffic in transit shall not be subject to any customs duties, taxes or
other charges except charges levied for specific services rendered in
connection with such traffic.
2. Means of transport in transit and other facilities provided for and
used by land-locked States shall not be subject to taxes or charges higher than
those levied for the use of means of transport of the transit State.
Article 128
Free zones and other customs facilities
For the convenience of traffic in transit, free zones or other customs
facilities may be provided at the ports of entry and exit in the transit States,
by agreement between those States and the land-locked States.
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