provisions. Treaties are known by variety of names, ranging from convention, international Agreements, Declarations, covenants, Protocols or their Supplements to mention but a few. Treaties are binding only on parties to them. They come into effect either by mere signatures or ratification or by both depending on the provisions thereof. Supplementary Protocol A/SP.1/01/05 of 2005 which confers jurisdiction on this Court with regard to human rights violation occurring in Member States of ECOWAS qualifies as a Treaty. The Court takes judicial notice of the fact that the 1st Defendant is a signatory to the treaty, By Article 11(1) of the Supplementary Protocol. This Supplementary Protocol shall enter into force provisionally upon signature by Heads of States and Government. Accordingly, the signatory Member States and ECOWAS hereby undertake to start implementing all (emphasis ours) provisions of this Protocol. It follows that since the 1st Defendant signed the treaty in question, it cannot be seen to argue that it is not bound because of non-ratification. The Court is not oblivious of the provisions of Art 11(2) which declares that the Supplementary Protocol shall definitely (emphasis ours) enter into force upon ratification by at least nine (9) signatory States in accordance with the constitutional procedure of each Member State. 15