1 Zimbabwe ratified the Af rican Charter on ..., and is therefore a State Party. 2 Para 39 3 Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, (EPIL), vol. IV, p. 594. 4 Communication No 31/89 , Baes V. Zaire, (ACHPR) 8th Annual Activity Report and Communication No. 109/93 Constitutional Rights Project et al V. Nigeria, (ACHPR) 12th Annual Activity Report respectively. 5 Cornrnunication 260/2002, Bakweri Land Claims Committee V. Cameroon, (ACHPR) 36th Ordinary Session 23rd November to 7th December 2004- Dakar Senegal (Unreported) 6 See Article 56 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 7 See Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Communications: 284/03 Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights & Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe v. Republic of Zimbabwe, para. 81, and 299/05 Anuak Justice Council v. Ethiopia, para. 44. 8 Communication 75/92, (ACHPR) 8th Activity Report 9 A principle under International Law which states that, colonially inherited boundaries are inviolable 10 Communication 266/2003, paragraph 38, (ACHPR), 38th Session 11 Communication 5/88, Prince J.N Makoge V. USA, (ACHPR) 12 Communication 1/88, Frederick Korvah V. Liberia, (ACHPR) 13 Communication 97/93, John K. Modise (2) V. Botswana (ACHPR) 14 Communication 35/89, Seyoum Ayelle V. Togo, Paragraph 2 (ACHPR) See also Communication 142/94, Muthuthurin Njoka V. Kenya, Paragraph 4 (ACHPR) 15 Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) et al V. Nigeria, (ACHPR) 16 Communication 129/94, (ACHPR) 9th Activity Report 18 Communications 137/94, 139/94, 154/97 and 161/97 International PEN, et al (on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jr) V. Nigeria joined), (ACHPR) 12th Activity Report. [herein after referred to as the Ken Saro-Wiwa Cases] 19 Ibid Paragraph 76 20 Communication 245/2002, paragraph 50, (ACHPR) 21st Activity Report 7