masculinity and virility, regardless of their origin.” (in accordance with Part 2 of these Guidelines) (See point 7). 106. And regarding the State’s obligation to guarantee access to justice, investigation and prosecution of the perpetrators of sexual violence, was stated the following: States should take measures to ensure access to justice for all victims of sexual violence, including in rural areas. States must ensure that investigations into acts of sexual violence and the prosecution of perpetrators are carried out: - without undue delay; - independently, impartially and effectively; - in a way that leads to the identification and conviction of the perpetrators.” (See 9. 1.9. 1). 107. In the same vein, this Court wrote in the case of DOROTHY CHIOMA NJEMANZE & 3 ORS v. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, Judgment No. ECW/CCJ/TUD/08/17 pg. 42-43 that “International law imposes a duty on States to investigate alleged infringements of the rights of their citizens, especially when formal complaints are lodged. In addition to any other acts or omissions imputed to the State or its officials, the failure to investigate such allegations constitutes, in itself, a international law.” (See also in the same vein WING violation of COMMANDER DANLADI ANGULU KWASU v. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, Judgment No. ECW/CCJ/JUD/04/17 pg. 28). 108. In the same vein, and General citing Comment No. 2 UN DOC CAT/C/GC/2 of January 24, 2008, the sane judgment stressed that: “The Committee has made it clear that when State authorities or others acting in an official capacity or under the appearance of law know 27 4 or have