B. Alleged Violations 7. The Applicants allege violation of the following rights: i. the right to a fair trial, in particular, the right of access to a judge and to justice, protected by Article 7(1)(a)(b) and 7(2) of the Charter as well as by Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR); the right to the adversarial principle, the right to the principle of proportionality of punishment; the right to an effective remedy, protected by Article 8 of the UDHR; and violation of the obligation of a judge to state reasons for his decision in a criminal trial; ii. the right to the protection of the dignity of an incarcerated person, protected by Articles 5 of the Charter and 10(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the ICCPR). III. SUMMARY OF THE PROCEDURE BEFORE THE COURT 8. The three (3) Applications were received at the Registry of the Court on 23 April 2019 and were served on the Respondent State on 22 July 2019. 9. By decision of 2 December 2019, the Court ordered a joinder of the Applications Nos. 017/2019, 018/2018 and 019/2019. 10. On 30 January 2020, the Respondent State filed its Response, which was notified to the Applicants on 6 February 2020 for their reply. 11. On 3 March 2020, the Applicants submitted their Reply, which was notified to the Respondent State the same day. 12. Pleadings were closed on 28 October 2021 and the Parties were duly notified. 4