22/ Guidelines on the conditions of arrest, police custody and pre-trial detention in Africa e. Set out the use of disciplinary measures against persons in police custody or pre-trial detention in law, policy and standard operating procedures, consistent with the inherent dignity of the person, humane treatment, and limitations on the use of force. f. Ensure that the use of solitary confinement is restricted, and that methods to anticipate crisis situations and de-escalate them without the need to resort to seclusion, restraint or forced treatment are developed and ingrained among law enforcement personnel. g. Provide legislative, budgetary and other measures for the provision of adequate standards of accommodation, nutrition, hygiene, clothing, bedding, exercise, physical and mental healthcare, contact with the community, religious observance, reading and other educational facilities, support services, and reasonable accommodation, in accordance with international law and standards. h. Have in place measures, including health assessment screenings, to reduce suicide and self-harm, such as alternatives to custody, diversion to mental healthcare, promotion of family support, drug treatment and detoxification, and training for officials to identify and address persons who are at risk of suicide and self-harm. i. Ensure that any transfer of detainees is authorised by law, that detainees are only moved to and from official gazetted places of detention, that movements are recorded in a register in accordance with Part 4 of these Guidelines, and that detainees’ next of kin and/all legal representatives are informed about the transfer prior to the transfer taking effect. j. Ensure that there is adequate and efficient staffing in places of detention, and that staff are trained in terms of these Guidelines, including special training on the provisions for vulnerable persons, and subject to effective oversight and accountability mechanisms. 26. Separation of categories of detainees The State shall ensure that detaining authorities hold pre-trial detainees separately from the convicted prison population. They shall also ensure that detaining authorities take the necessary measures to provide for the special needs of vulnerable groups/persons, in accordance with Part 7 of these Guidelines. 27. Communication Detainees in police custody and pre-trial detention shall be provided with appropriate facilities to communicate with, and receive visits from, their families at regular intervals, subject to reasonable restrictions and supervision as are necessary in the interests of security. Such contact shall not be denied for more than a few days. 28. Recreational, vocational and rehabilitation services States shall ensure that persons in police custody and pre-trial detainees have access to adequate recreational, vocational, rehabilitation and treatment services.