This Court has decided in a plethora of cases that only Member States signatory to the Treaty can be sued before it. In SERAP & 10 ORS V. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA & 4 ORS ECW/CCJ/JUD/16/14 Unreported, the Court held that, since the 1st Defendant, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a contracting party of ECOWAS Revised Treaty and related protocols, as well as to African Charter and other human rights treaties invoked by the plaintiffs. In fact, by signing and ratifying those instruments, the Federal Republic of Nigeria solemnly accepted the jurisdiction of the Court over complaints lodged against it for alleged violation of human rights that occurs within its borders, no matter which entity is seen as responsible before the municipal law. In SERAP V. Federal Republic of Nigeria 2010 CCJELR Pg. 252 para 71-72 this Court reiterated its case-law that only Member States and Community Institutions can be sued before it for alleged violation of Human Rights, as laid down in PETER DAVID V. AMBASSADOR RALPH UWECHU wherein the court held that: “….. As a matter of fact, the international regime of human rights imposes obligation on states. All mechanisms established thereof are directed to the engagement of State Responsibility for its commitment or failure toward those international instruments. From what has been said, the conclusion to be drawn is that for the dispute between individuals on alleged violation of human rights as enshrined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, the natural and proper venue before which the case may be pleaded is the domestic court of the State party where the violation occurred. It is only when at the national level, there is no appropriate and effective forum for seeking redress against individuals, that the victim of such offences may bring an action before an international court, not against the individuals, rather against the signatory State for failure to ensure the protection and respect for the Human Rights allegedly violated. Within ECOWAS Community, apart from Member States, other entities that can be brought to this Court for alleged violation of Human Rights are the institutions of the Community 14