RECOMMENDATIONS: Although different legislative and other measures have been taken to give effect to the Protocol, women still face vulnerabilities due to the fact that the implementation of the Maputo Protocol at the domestic level faces various challenges. To ensure that all African women benefit from the rights provided by the Maputo Protocol, African States are urged to take the following steps:     ratify the Maputo Protocol, for those that have not yet done so: lift reservations made during ratification of the Maputo Protocol to ensure effective implementation of the same. Align national laws with the provisions of the Maputo Protocol; give effect to the provisions of the Maputo Protocol to ensure that African women have access to domestic remedies in case of violations of their human rights. Where laws exist, focus on better enforcement, including strengthening institutional mechanisms, allocating resources and increasing the human capacity needed to ensure that enacted legislation serves its purpose;  repeal or amend domestic laws which are discriminatory towards women;  put in place comprehensive systems through which victims can report cases of human rights abuses. These systems must be confidential and be linked to healthcare, counselling and other comprehensive and integrated services which provide for support of victims;  strengthen data collection to reveal the true extent of women’s human rights violations;  fight against impunity  ensure the use of the Guidelines on State Reporting the Maputo Protocol adopted by the Commission during State Reporting under Article 62 of the African Charter  PRESENT STATUS OF SUBMISSION OF STATE PERIODIC PREPORTS UNDER ARTICLE 62 OF THE AFRICAN CHARTER. The Republics of Algeria, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, and South Africa; 13