Costed Action Plan for SADC Industrialization Strategy and Roadmap strengthening of capacities and capabilities within key trade and industry departments. These measures include: 1. Identifying and supporting investment in economic opportunities that private actors may not be prepared to enter without the support of the state. 2. Addressing blockages to new activities as a result of inadequate or costly infrastructure and education and training systems. Using this lever requires close collaboration with infrastructure and education departments and agencies to ensure that decisions around core functions of the state do more to support industrialisation. 3. Developing market institutions to support new kinds of economic activity. This is particularly important for small producers by providing inputs, infrastructure, skills, finance, quality control and access to sales outlets. Small producers are often not served by existing public or private agencies, which are designed to assist larger enterprises. New institutions to supply these services to small producers may include private or non-profit support agencies, marketing co-ops or state marketing boards. 4. Trade measures, compliant with Member States’ international commitments to support infant industries, including tariff measures, rules of origin and standards, and customs control. These measures should also support localisation requirements in key sectors and products, both at a member state level as well as for regional producers. 5. Identifying and, when possible, modifying regulatory obstacles to new activities. 6. Industrial financing and incentives: national and multilateral development finance institutions have a central role in effective industrial strategies, together with measures to incentivise and facilitate increased private investment. To be effective, DFIs should support new industrial activities, which may initially provide lower initial rates of return and face higher risks than those that accrue from mining, import intensive retail sub-sectors and services sectors. Industrial financing should also be provided to sectors in distress arising from the local recession and negative cyclical market conditions. A Regional Toolbox The tools available for the SADC Secretariat and for Member States at a regional level are mainly, but not exclusively, in the arena of coordination and facilitation of processes, management and implementation of cross-border programmes; regional research such as regional value chains; and oversight of opportunities and challenges faced by the region. These include: 1. Coordination and facilitation of Member States on issues of common interest to further investment-led trade and industrialisation. 52