1. States parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights have solemnly undertaken to respect, protect, promote and fulfil all the rights in the Charter including economic, social and cultural rights. 2. By doing so, states parties have agreed to adopt legislative and other measures, individually or through international co-operation and assistance, to give full effect to the economic, social and cultural rights contained in the African Charter, by using the maximum of their resources. States parties have an obligation to ensure the satisfaction of, at the very least, the minimum essential levels of each of the economic, social and cultural rights contained in the African Charter. 3. States are therefore called upon to address with all appropriate measures their obligations in relation to the full realisation of economic, social and cultural rights as well as tackling the following constraints: • Lack of good governance and planning and failure to allocate sufficient resources for implementation of economic, social and cultural rights; • Lack of political will; • Corruption, misuse and misdirection of financial resources; • Poor utilisation of human resources and absence of effective measures to curtail brain drain; • Failure to ensure equitable distribution of income from natural resources; • Trafficking in women and children; • Continued outflow and existence of refugees and internally displaced persons; • Illiteracy and lack of awareness, • Conditionality of aid and unserviceable debt burdens, • Privatisation of essential services • Cost recovery including access fees and charges for essential services; • Lack of support for and recognition of the work of civil society organisations; • Lack of implementation of obligations assumed under international law into national law, • Under development of social amenities; • Limited engagement with human rights on the part of some judges; • Lack of protection of African indigenous knowledge; • Failure to enforce some judicial decisions against the state; • The adverse effects of globalisation.