new technologies based on available evidence, when available, including, but not limited to, spermicidal microbicides, should also be included. Such services should be provided through both family planning/contraception programs and under postabortion care. 57. Safe abortion services should include the methods recommended by WHO, updated and based on clinical findings, including procedures such as evacuation, dilation and intrauterine manual or electric suction, as well as the use of other efficient methods or medicines that might become available in the future. The equipment and medicines recommended by WHO should be included in the lists of national essential products and medicines. Techniques such as dilation and curettage should be replaced with safer methods. 58. State parties should avoid all unnecessary or irrelevant restrictions on the profile of the service providers authorized to practice safe abortion and the requirements of multiple signatures or approval of committees, in the cases provided for in the Protocol. In many African countries, there are not enough trained physicians available. Mid-level providers such as midwives and other health workers should be trained to provide safe abortion care. The training of health workers should include non-discrimination, confidentiality, respect for the autonomy and free and informed consent of women and girls. 59. State parties should ensure that HIV testing is not used as a condition for accessing family planning/contraception and safe abortion services. When women reveal their HIV status, positive tests must not serve as pretexts to the use of coercive practices or the suspension of service provision. Obstacles to the right to family planning / contraception and safe abortion 60. State parties should take all appropriate measures, through policies, sensitization and civic education programs, to remove all obstacles to the enjoyment by women of their rights to sexual and reproductive health. Specific efforts should especially be made to address gender disparities, patriarchal attitudes, harmful traditional practices, prejudices of health care providers, discriminatory laws and policies, in accordance with Articles 2 and 5 of the Protocol. In this regard, State parties should work in cooperation with health care providers, traditional and religious leaders, civil society organizations, non-governmental organizations, including women's organizations, international organizations and technical and financial partners. 61. State parties should take all appropriate measures to remove the obstacles such as those arising from marital status, age, disability as well as economic and geographic barriers faced by women who want access to family planning / contraception and safe abortion services, especially young women, teenage girls, women living with disabilities and women in situations of conflict, displaced or refugee women, as well as rural women. 15