obligation under Article 1 to exercise due diligence and effectively prevent and respond to violations of the rights enshrined in African Charter. 89 130.Specifically, according to the Complainant, the Respondent State failed to put in place adequate legislative framework to protect individuals within its jurisdiction from arbitrary detention, torture, and other ill-treatment by the NISS or to ensure the right to fair trial or the availability of effective remedies and sanctions in the event of a breach. The Complainant further submits that the Respondent State has also failed to investigate allegations of wrongdoing by its agents and took no measures to ensure the availability of an effective remedy for the Victim. II. Submission of the Respondent State on Merits 131.ln accordance with the procedure established by the African Commission, and despite the considerable time that has elapsed beyond the deadlines prescribed under the African Commission's Rules of Procedure 2020, the Respondent State has failed to submit its observations on the Merits of this Communication. 132.Consequently, the African Commission shall proceed with its analysis of the Merits based solely on the submissions and evidence presented by the Complainant90 . Ill. Analysis of the African Commission on the Merits Alleged Violation of Article 4 of the African Charter 133. Article 4 of the African Charter provides that: 'human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one shall be arbitrary deprived of this right'. 134. The Complainant submits that the constant fear experienced by the Victim for the safety of his life on account of the death threats and treatment meted out on him by the NISS officers while in detention, violated his right to life as guaranteed under Article 4 of the African Charter. 135.The Complainant states that the Victim was detained and tortured by the NISS in 1991 up to 2006 and in 2O11.During the period of the Victim's detention, he was systematically beaten; whipped and deprived of sleep; forced to stand in painful positions, verbally insulted, called a slave and spy; and threatened with death. The Complainant further stated that the Victim was told by NISS Officers that he would be killed if he told anyone about what had unfolded and on one occasion, the Head of the NISS ordered an officer to take the Victim outside and "kill him in front of the