The Court composed BEN ACHOUR, Chafika of: Sylvain ORE, Angelo V. MATUSSE, BENSAOULA, President; Suzanne Blaise TCHIKAYA, Stella Ben KIOKO, Vice-President; MENGUE, Rafaa Tujilane R. CHIZUMILA, |. ANUKAM and Imani D. ABOUD- Judges; and Robert ENO, Registrar. Pursuant to Article 22 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and and Peoples’ Peoples’ Rights (hereinafter referred to as "the Protocol") and Rule 8(2) of the Rules of Court (hereinafter referred to as "the Rules"), Judge M-Thérése MUKAMULISA, a national of Rwanda, did not hear the Application. In the matter of: FIDELE MULINDAHABI, Self-represented Versus REPUBLIC OF RWANDA, Unrepresented After deliberation, renders the following Ruling in default: a member of the Court and